Znaczenie współczesnych muzeów w przestrzeni miasta

• Autorzy: Gyurkovich M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Contemporary museum buildings and their meaning in an urban space

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Rapid civilization and technological development in the 20th century has led to extraordinary strive for knowledge. In the past the symbols of power and wealth were associated with magnificent cathedrals, palaces or town halls. According to Mario Botta 'museum in a contemporary city plays analogical role to former cathedrals'. Especially dramatic boom in the field of museum construction took place in the last decade of the previous century when about 25% of the existing world exhibition space came into being. The subject of the research in the doctor's thesis by the author were museums and multifunctional museum complexes designed and constructed in Europe and North America between years 1990 - 2004 located in big cities (above 250 thousands citizens) and in suburban areas of metropolitan cities, in the context of their role in spatial structure of the cities. Designs and constructions presented in the thesis have been analyzed according to four basic criteria: attractiveness of the architectural form as related to architectural and urban context, role of a building or a complex in the holistic urban composition, creation of an attractive, freely accessible space on the basis of the museum or revitalization of the existing space, role of buildings and newly created spaces related to them in spatial, social and economical structure of a city or a district. A few dozen among a few hundred of museums and museum complexes designed and constructed in Europe and North America and several Polish examples have been analyzed by the author in his thesis. The present article shows the results of the mentioned paper. What draws attention, is diversity of spatial locations of newly designed and constructed museums and museum complexes which came into existence between years 1990 - 2004. For the sake of significant differences in the existing compositional and urban conditions of common cultural heritage the paper is distinguished by typological diversity of the related spaces and their varied roles in the composition of the whole city. Museums constructed nowadays in historic city cores and centres of big cities have been discussed in three thematic groups: Museums constructed as seal complements of streets facades (also on large corner plots or as complements of quarters in dense urban fabric) Museums located nearby central squares (both inscribed in the facade and as free standing solids, creating a facade of a square) Free standing museums (e.g. in greenery, next to waters and water reservoirs) closely related to a historic city core. New museum buildings are built, apart from historic city cores, as elements of new urban arrangements of big scale and significance for the development of cities and even regions. Free areas, especially in European cities, are usually revitalized, regained often post - industrial or post - military quarters. In American cities the problem is observable to a smaller extent. Some museums these days are built on the areas on the edge of a city and areas free from investments: suburban areas, villa districts, green areas related to rest and active recreation. The designs and realizations discussed in the thesis have been analyzed within two theme groups: Museums constructed in the context of urban areas. Museums constructed on the edge of urban space and non residential areas (also in suburban residential areas) Multifunctional museum complexes presently built on both sides of The Atlantic Ocean are an unusually characteristic model of a museum institution for the period of the last years discussed in the thesis. Various representative examples of multifunctional museum complexes have been analyzed in the paper. The museums are located both in historic city cores, in the context of newly constructed districts and in suburban recreational districts of huge metropolitan cities. Multifunctional museum complexes offer not only a wide range of functional possibilities but also freely accessible public spaces both open and covered facilitated in a modem way. One of the elements of revitalization of urban space are contemporary transformations of the existing museums and adaptations of historic buildings for museum purposes. They contribute to activation of neglected and abandoned areas introducing a new quality. They also play roles of urban catalysts entailing other new investments. Contemporary adaptations of historic buildings for museum purposes presented in the thesis have been chosen with regard to diverse typology of urban public spaces co-created by them. The above consideration as well as the sum of the research and comparative analysis done by the author, also in the thesis, based on a selected group of designs and structures allow formulating final conclusions. They might turn out useful both for the scientific discipline and professional practice in Poland, where recently it has been possible to observe a rising interest in new museum investments (Cracow, Warsaw, Silesia). - Contemporary public spaces created with the contribution of museums, multifunctional museum complexes or adapted historic buildings are significant for status and image of a city and may become vital for its urban composition. - A museum or a multifunctional museum complex might become a significant attribute of quality of a public space if it is accompanied by an attractive architectural form and attractively facilitated public spaces combined with freely accessible urban interiors. - A successful realization of a museum along with related public spaces may increase to a large extent the significance, attractiveness and competitiveness of a city on the arena of a country or even internationally. - By creating multifunctional museum complexes well functioning, clear urban complexes might be built also on degenerated areas and deprived of urban qualities. A museum or a museum complex might become an urban catalyst, a vital revitalizing element for destructed urban spaces (also city cores). - A success of a museum in economic and social aspects is connected mostly with the attractiveness of a building, its surroundings and its communicational accessibility, and to a smaller degree with its location and exhibition range. Functions assisting exposition combined with attractive public spaces might contribute to the success of a museum in social and economical aspects. Thus, the most flourishing museum investments, which bear the competition of contemporary shopping and recreational centres, seem to be multifunctional museum complexes.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

zespoły muzealne; struktura przestrzenna miast

EN

museum buildings; urban space

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: T. 49, z. 1-4
• Strony: 55--67
• Opis fizyczny: fot., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Gyurkovich M.