Układ przestrzenny Biecza w XIII i XIV wieku: kompozycja i analogie

• Autorzy: Krasnowolski B.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Spatial configuration in Biecz during the thirteenth and fourteenth century: composition and analogies

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Biecz, a town in the south-eastern Cracow region, located along routes leading to Ruthenia and Hungary, and the centre of a castellany, was for long the object of interest on the part of mediaevalists as well as archaeologists and architects working on-the-spot research. Archaeological excavations confirmed the hypothesis proposed by A. Żaki about a castellan castle-town and suburbium, proving the establishment of a locatio settlement centre "from scratch". The pre-locatio Biecz was associated with the castellan castle-town on a hillock, the site of the later castle above the Ropa river valley. Apparently, a more exact determination of the date of the locatio is facilitated by the parish church of Corpus Christi. This Church holiday, introduced by Pope Urban IV in 1264, was popularised by the Franciscans. The erection of the church simultaneously with the town's locatio could not, therefore, precede the year 1264. Analyses of the local market square and the surrounding development, conducted by J. Barut, made it possible to ascertain the applied measures, based on the foot = 0,293 m. This was a characteristic value in the majority of the town-planning configurations from the time of Bolesław the Chaste. In the City of Biecz the foot appears in "small" ropes (125 feet; 36,625 metres) and "large" ropes (150 feet; 43,95 m. each). The town-planning configuration of the centre of Biecz, elongated in accordance with the east-west course of the route parallel to the Ropa basin, was granted a general checkerboard disposition. It follows from the above modular analysis that the market square was 275 x 250 feet large, and thus the proportions of the blocks amounted to 3 : 2. The depth of the blocks (lots), as a rule, totalled 144 feet, i. e. four times the 36-feet unit, which corresponded to the depth of the Cracow lots; only in the case of two-front blocks was the lot a depth smaller (125 feet). Both the general composition of the configuration and its particular components have analogies in the town planning of mediaeval locatio cities of Little Poland. Rectangular market squares are much more frequent than square ones, especially in checkerboard-strip configurations. Usually, the proportion of the blocks corresponds to simple numerical ratios. The 3:2 proportion also occurs in Olkusz, Mstów, Żmigród Nowy, Bobowa and Ciężkowice. An essential element of a town's locatio programme (as well as that of a village) was land endowment, whose analysis should be based on the structure of the Frankonian laneus. The town-planning configuration of Biecz occupies a significant position among all the towns of Little Poland located according to German law at the time of Bolesław the Chaste. From the viewpoint of typology it is situated between the already outdated street-strip configurations (Zawichost, Wojnicz, probably Bochnia), and the checkerboard, monumental Grand Locatio of Cracow and the much smaller Skała.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

układ przestrzenny; analiza przestrzenna; Biecz

EN

spatial configuration; spatial analyses; Biecz

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: T. 47, z. 4
• Strony: 361--369
• Opis fizyczny: rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Krasnowolski B.