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Purpose: Goal of this work was to describe the propagation characteristic of cracks produced at the corners of Vickers indent and the toughness change in functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with high disproportion of cobalt matrix portion between core and surface layer. Design/methodology/approach: Investigations of toughness methods were developed during the investigations for tungsten carbide and cobalt, making it possible to obtain four materials and then their structure was determined. Findings: A wide variation in hardness and toughness has been obtained in WC-Co composites. The propagation characteristic of cracks produced at the corners of Vickers indent and the toughness change in functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with dual phase structure were investigated. It is shown that cracks tend to propagate both around and across WC crystal grain. The changes of toughness with the microstructure and an integrated strengthening effect, as well as high toughness characteristic of the tool gradient material are revealed. Practical implications: Material presented in this paper are characterized by very high hardness of the surface and relative ductility of core. The cobalt phase in obtained TGM material will changing smoothly. Originality/value: The Palmqvist test provides a useful method of measuring fracture toughness of material characterized by very high hardness of the surface and relative ductility of core.
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Rocznik
Tom
Strony
87--93
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- Division of Materials Processing Technology, Management and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, leszek.dobrzanski@polsl.pl
Bibliografia
- [1] S. Biamino, A. Antonini, M. Pavese, P. Fiano, C. Badini, MoSi2 laminate processed by the tape casting: microstructure and mechanical properties investigation, Intermetallics 16 (2008) 758-768.
- [2] O.O. Eso, P. Fan, Z.Z. Fang, A kinetic model for cobalt gradient formation during liquid phase sintering of functionally gradem WC-Co, International Journal of Reinfractory Metals and Hard Materials 26 (2008) 91-97.
- [3] J.J. Bucki, T. Wejrzanowski, Quantitative metallography of Armico-iron with microstructure gradient, Materials Engineering 4 (2001) 237-240.
- [4] G. Matula, L.A. Dobrzański, Structure and properties of FGM manufactured on the basis of HS6-5-2, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 17 (2006) 101-104.
- [5] G.S. Upadhyaya, Cemented Tungsten Carbides, Noyes Publications, 1998.
- [6] G.H. Lee, S. Kang, Sintering of nano-sized WC-Co powders produced by a gas reduction-carburization process, Journal of Alloy and Compounds 419 (2006) 281-289.
- [7] Y. Liu, H. Wang, Z. Long, P.K. Liaw, J. Yang, B. Huang, Microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviours of graded cemented carbides, Materials Science and Engineering A 426 (2006) 346-354.
- [8] L.A. Dobrzański, B. Dołżańska, G. Matula, Influence of carbide (W, Ti) C portion on the structure and properties of TGM manufactured on cobalt matrix, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 28/10 (2007) 617-620.
- [9] W. Lengauer, K. Dreyer, Functionally Graded hardmetals, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 338 (2002) 194-212.
- [10] L.A. Dobrzański, A. Kloc-Ptaszna, A. Dybowska, G. Matula, E. Gordo, J.M. Torralba, Effect of WC concentration on structure and properties of the gradient tool materials, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 91-94.
- [11] J. Ma, G.E.B. Tan, Processing and characterization of metal-ceramics functionally gradient materials, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 113 (2001) 446-449.
- [12] R.M. German, A-Z of Powder Metallurgy, Elsevier, 2005.
- [13] J.L. Johnson, R.M. German, Liquid Phase Sintering of Functionally Graded W-Cu Composites, Proceedings of the 16th International Plansee Seminar, Vol. 2, 2005, 116-130.
- [14] C. Larsson, M. Odén, X-ray diffraction determination of residual stresses in functionally graded WC-Co composites, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 22 (2004) 177-184.
- [15] M.T. Laugier, Palmqvist toughness in WC-Co composites viewed as a ductile/brittle transition, Journal of Materials Science Letters 6 (1987) 768-770.
- [16] W.D. Schubert, H. Neumeister, G. Kinger, B. Lux, Hardenss to toughness relationship of fine-grained WC-Co hardmetals, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 16 (1998) 133-142.
- [17] Z. Li, W. Yuan-Jie, Y. Xian-Wang, Ch. Shu, X. Xiang-Jun, Crack propagation characteristic and toughness of functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 26 (2008) 295-300.
- [18] G. Matula, L.A. Dobrzański, B. Dołżańska, Structure and properties of TGM manufactured on the basis of cobalt, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 151-154.
- [19] C.T. Peters, The relation ship between Palmqvist indentation toughness and bulk fracture toughness for some WC-Co cemented carbides, Journal of Materials Science 14 (1979) 1619-1623.
- [20] A. Kawasaki, R. Watanabe, Concept and P/M fabrication of functionally gradient materials, Ceramics International 23 (1997) 73-83.
- [21] R. Spiegler, S. Schmadder, L.S. Sigl, Fracture toughness evaluation of WC-Co alloys by indentation testing, Journal of Hard Materials 1/3 (1990) 147-158.
- [22] L.A. Dobrzański, A. Kloc, G. Matula, J.M. Torralba, Structure and properties of the gradient tool materials of unalloyed steel matrix reinforced with HS6-5-2 high-speed steel, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 28/4 (2007) 197-202.
- [23] H. Zhang, Z.Z. Fang, Q. Lu, Characterization of a bilayer WC-Co hardmetal using Hertzian indentation technique, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 27 (2009) 317-322.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL8-0040-0009