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Purpose: The interaction of lead-free solders with a copper substrate is an essential issue for the reliability of solder joints. In order to understand this interaction, knowledge of thermodynamic and other physical properties of several Cu-containing ternary systems such as Cu-Sb-Sn system is necessary. The aim of this work was to determine Sb activity in Cu-Sb-Sn alloy. Design/methodology/approach: Investigation of this system was carried out using the equilibrium saturation (ES) method and Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS). The ES measurements were performed in 1373 K temperature. As the latter method is comparative one, a Sn-Sb alloy was accepted as a reference alloy, where a formula for Sb activity proposed by Jönsson and verified by Vassiliev was accepted. The Sb activity measurements by KEMS method were performed in a temperature range from 793 to 1323 K. Findings: In the frame of presented experiments, Sb activity was determined by ES and KEMS methods. Research limitations/implications: The Sb activities obtained by ES and KEMS agree well - Sb(KEMS)/Sb(ES) = 1.04 š 0.14. Practical implications: Knowledge of multi-component phase equilibrium can provide the alloy designer with specific data enabling finding alloys that meet certain criteria. Originality/value: The measured activity of antimony in the Cu-Sb-Sn alloys both by ES and KEMS method are comparable and they will be used for phase equilibria calculations of the Cu-Sb-Sn system.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
69--74
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Materials Science, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. W. Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland, jroman@prz.edu.pl
Bibliografia
- [1] B. Kosec, M. Sokovic, L. Kosec, M. Bizjac, F. Pusavec, Z. Kampus, Introduction of new ecologically safe material for fusible elements of low voltage fuses, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 28/4 (2007) 211-216.
- [2] W. Zakulski, Eli Polish Metallurgy in years 2002-2006, Committee of Metallurgy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, 2006, 75-81 (in Polish).
- [3] M. Amagai, A Study of nanoparticles in Sn-Ag based lead-free solders, Microelectronic Reliability 48 (2008) 1-16
- [4] King-Ning Tu, Solder joint technology, Springer, 2007.
- [5] J. Shen, Y.C. Chan, Recent research advances in Pb-free solders, Microelectronic Reliability 49 (2009) 223-234.
- [6] B. Jönsson, J. Agren, Thermodynamic assessment of the Sn-Sb system, Materials Science and Technology 2 (1986) 913-921.
- [7] X.J. Liu, C.P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the phase Diagrams of the Cu-Sb and Sb-Zn Systems, Journal of Phase Equilibria 21/5 (2000) 432-442.
- [8] X.J. Liu, H.S. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, S. Itabashi, I. Kameda, K. Yamaguchi, Experimental Determination and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Electronic Materials 30/9 (2001) 1093-1103.
- [9] U.R. Kattner, C.A. Handwerker, Calculation of phase equilibria in candidate solder alloys, Zeitchrift fur Metallkunde 92 (2001) 740-746.
- [10] K. Lenik, M. Pashenko, A. Kondyr, L. Bochun, Z. Lenik, Calculation of phase equilibrium in Fe-B-C-O system, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 28/8 (2007) 483-486.
- [11] J. Romanowska, G. Wnuk, Właściwości termodynamiczne roztworów Sn-Zn-In. Polish Metallurgy in years 2002-2006, Committee of Metallurgy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, 2006 (in Polish).
- [12] J. Romanowska, G. Wnuk, P. Romanowski, Experimental Study on Thermodynamics of the Cu-Ni-Sn-Zn System, Polish Academy of Sciences, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 53/3 (2008) 1107-1110.
- [13] G. P. Vassilev, J. Romanowska, G. Wnuk, Bismuth activity measurements and thermodynamics re-optimization of the Ni-Bi system, International Journal of Materials Research 98 (2007) 1-8.
- [14] O. Kubaschewski, C. Alcock, Metallurgical Thermochemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979.
- [15] L. Bencze, A. Popovic, Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric determination of mixing thermodynamic data of liquid Ag-In-Sn alloys, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 270 (2008) 139-155.
- [16] A. Bardi, F. Niccolai, M. Tosti, A. Tolstoguzov, Gold assay with Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 273 (2008) 138-144.
- [17] A. Popovic, Mass spectrometric determination of the ionisation cross-sections of BaO, Ba, BaF2 and BaI by electron impact, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 230 (2003) 99-108.
- [18] A. Popovic, L. Bencze, Mass spectrometric determination of ternary interaction parameters in liquid Cu-In-Sn alloy International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 257 (2006) 41-49.
- [19] Y.M. Muggianu, M. Gambino, L.P. Bross, Enthalpies de formation des alliages liquidws bismuth-etain-galium a 723 K. Choix d'une representation analytique des grandeurs d'exces integrals et partielles de melange, Journal de Chimie Physique 72 (1975) 85-89 (in French).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL8-0030-0008