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The age and palaeoenvironment of the Upper Cretaceous non-calcareous variegated shales have been interpreted, based on the foraminiferal, radiolarian and trace fossil assemblages from the Malinowa Shale Formation of the Grajcarek Unit (Pieniny Klippen Belt, of Poland), exposed at Trawne Stream. The deposits represent the lower part of the Uvigerinammina jankoi Zone (Turonian-Coniacian), as based on the occurrence of foraminifers Uvigerinammina praejankoi Neagu and U. jankoi Majzon, and radiolaria Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica, H. tuberculatum Dumitrica, Praeconocaryomma universa Pessagno and P. lipmanae Pessagno. Predominance of non-calcareous shales with siliceous-walled agglutinated foraminifers and radiolaria as the only biotic components, and occurrence of trace fossils typical of the Nereites facies, indicate a deep-water marine palaeoenvironment, below the CCD. Energy of bottom-waters was low, except for rare episodes of diluted turbidite flows. Diversified foraminiferal benthic and trace fossil assemblages, abundant epi- and infaunal foraminiferal morphotypes, low values of foraminiferal dominance index, intense bioturbation of the shales, and well-developed tiering pattern of the trace fossils (including deep-tier ichnotaxa such as Zoophycos and Scolicia), indicate that the sediments were poor in organic matter and were deposited in highly oxygenated conditions. Changes in the sediment colouration (red and grey-green) are reflected in small changes within the foraminiferal benthos and trace fossil assemblages.
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1--32
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Bibliogr. 64 poz.
Bibliografia
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL8-0005-0001
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