Form induced stresses over rough gravel-beds

• Autorzy: Aberle J. , Koll K. , Dittrich A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper presents an analysis of spatial flow heterogeneity over rough gravel beds for shallow flows in terms of form induced stresses. Data from experiments specifically designed with the intention to analyze the flow data with the double-averaging methodology are used to investigate the nature of form induced stresses. It is shown that spatial flow heterogeneity is small at greater distances to the roughness tops (z 100), increases slightly towards z 100, and increases significantly below z 100. Form induced stresses determined over the same bed and with the same slope are found to be independent of discharge. The influence of the number of measuring verticals on the magnitude of form induced stresses is discussed. The distributions of form induced stresses -<u~w> are used to define the geodetic level of the roughness crest for rough, irregular beds from hydraulic data.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

double-averaging; irregular bed topography; rough-bed flows; near bed flow field

• Wydawca: Instytut Geofizyki PAN ; Springer
• Czasopismo: Acta Geophysica
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 56, no. 3
• Strony: 584--600
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 28 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Aberle J.

autor

Koll K.

autor

Dittrich A.

• Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany,

Bibliografia

• Aberle, J. (2006), Spatially averaged near-bed flow field over rough armor layers, Int. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2006, Lisbon, Portugal, 153-162.
• Aberle, J. (2007), Measurements of armour layer roughness geometry function and porosity, Acta Geophys. 55, 23-32 DOI: 10.2478/s11600-006-0036-5.
• Aberle, J., and K. Koll (2004, Double-averaged flow field over static armor layers, Int. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2004, Naples, Italy, vol. 1, 225-233.
• Aberle, J., and V. Nikora (2006), Statistical properties of armored gravel bed surfaces, Water Resour. Res. 42, W11414, DOI: 10.1029/2005WR004674.
• Aberle, J., K. Koll, and A. Dittrich (2007), Analysis of form induced stresses over rough gravel-bed armour layers, Proc. of the 32nd IAHR Congress 2007, Venice, Italy, Papers on CD-Rom.
• Arntzen, E.V., D.R. Geist, and P.E. Dresel (2006), Effects of fluctuating river flow on groundwater/surface water mixing in the hyporheic zone of a regulated, large cobble bed river, River Res. Appl. 22, 937-946.
• Buffin-Bélanger, T., S. Rice, I. Reid, and J. Lancaster (2006), Spatial heterogeneity of near-bed hydraulics above a patch of river gravel, Water Resour. Res. 42, W04413, DOI: 10.1029/2005WR004070.
• Carollo, F.G., V. Ferro, and D. Termini (2005), Analyzing turbulence intensity in gravel bed channels, J. Hydraul. Eng. 131, 12, 1050-1061.
• Coceal, O., T.G. Thomas, I.P. Castro, and S.E. Belcher (2006), Mean flow and turbulence statistics over groups of urban-like cubical obstacles, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 491-519.
• Coleman, S.E., V.I. Nikora, S.R. McLean, and T. Schlicke (2007), Spatially averaged turbulent flow over square ribs, J. Eng. Mech. 133, 2, 194-204.
• Dancey, C.L., M. Balakrishnan, P. Diplas, and A.N. Papanicolaou (2000), The spatial inhomogeneity of turbulence above a fully rough, packed bed in open channel flow, Exp. Fluid. 29, 402-410.
• Fehr, R. (1987), Geschiebeanalysen in Gebirgsflüssen, Mitt. Versuchsanst. Wasserbau Hydrol. Glaziol. 92, ETH Zürich, Switzerland (in German).
• Gayraud, S., and M. Philippe (2003), Influence of bed-sediment features on the interstitial habitat for macroinvertebrates in 15 French streams, Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 88, 1, 77-93.
• Giménez-Curto, L. A., and M. A. Corniero Lera (1996), Oscillating turbulent flow over very rough surfaces, J. Geophys. Res. 101, C9, 20,745-20,758.
• Koll, K. (2002), Feststofftransport und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in Raugerinnen. [online], Karlsruhe Univ., Fak. Bauingenieur und Vermessungswesen, Diss. v. 12.07.2002, http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/cgibin/psview/?document=2002/bau-verm/12.
• Koll, K. (2006), Parameterisation of the vertical velocity profile in the wall region over rough surfaces, Int. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2006, Lisbon, Portugal, 163-171.
• Lamarre, H., and A.G. Roy (2005), Reach scale variability of turbulent flow characteristics in a gravel-bed river, Geomorphology 68, 95-113.
• Lawless, M., and A. Robert (2001), Three-dimensional flow structure around small-scale bedforms in a simulated gravel-bed environment, Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 26, 507-522.
• Manes, C., D. Pokrajac, and I. McEwan (2007), Double-averaged open channel flows with small relative submergence, J. Hydraul. Eng. 133, 8), 896-904.
• McLean, S., and V.I. Nikora (2006), Characteristics of turbulent unidirectional flow over rough beds: Double-averaging perspective with particular focus on sand dunes and gravel beds, Water Resour. Res. 42, W10409, DOI: 10.1029/2005WR004708.
• Nikora, V., D. Goring, I. McEwan, and G. Griffiths (2001), Spatially averaged openchannel flow over rough bed, J. Hydraul. Eng. 127, 2, 123-133.
• Nikora, V., K. Koll, I. McEwan, S. McLean, and A. Dittrich (2004), Velocity distribution in the roughness layer of rough-bed flows, J. Hydraul. Eng. 130, 10, 1036-1042.
• Nikora, V., I. McEwan, S. McLean, S. Coleman, D. Pokrajac, and R. Walters (2007a), Double averaging concept for rough-bed open-channel and overland flows: Theoretical background, J. Hydraul. Eng. 133, 8, 873-883.
• Nikora, V., S. McLean, S. Coleman, D. Pokrajac, I. McEwan, L. Campbell, J. Aberle, D. Clunie, and K. Koll (2007b), Double averaging concept for rough-bed open-channel and overland flows: Applications, J. Hydraul. Eng. 133, 8, 884-895.
• Papanicolaou, A.N., P. Diplas, C.L. Dancey, and M. Balakrishnan (2001), Surface roughness effects in near-bed turbulence: Implications to sediment entrainment. J. Eng. Mech. 127, 3, 211-218.
• Pokrajac, D., J.J. Finnigan, C. Manes, I. McEwan, and V. Nikora (2006), On the definition of the shear velocity in rough bed open channel flows, Int. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2006, Lisbon, Portugal, 89-98.
• Prinos, P., Sofialidis, D., and E. Keramaris (2003), Turbulent flow over and within a porous bed, J. Hydraul. Eng. 129, 9, 720-733.
• Robson, B. J., E.T. Chester, and J.A. Davis (1999), Manipulating the intensity of near-bed turbulence in rivers: effects on benthic invertebrates, Freshwater Biology 42, 645-653.