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The roughness geometry function of the interfacial sublayer of a gravel-bed armour layer was measured directly by filling water stepwise into a laboratory flume and indirectly from a digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface. The re-sults of both methods are compared and show that the DEM can be used to reliably estimate the roughness density function for a wide range of the interfacial sublayer. The direct measurements revealed an absolute minimum of porosity at the level of the roughness trough which is significantly smaller than porosity in the undisturbed subsurface and porosity estimates obtained from relationships found in the litera-ture. The significance of the results for hydraulic engineering and ecological appli-cations is highlighted.
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Tom
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23--32
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autor
- Leichtweiss-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 51, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany, j.aberle@tu-bs.de
Bibliografia
- Aberle, J., 2006, Spatially averaged near-bed flow field over rough armour layers. In: River Flow 2006, Proc. of 3rd Intern. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics, 6-8 Sept. 2006, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Aberle, J., and K. Koll, 2004, Double-averaged flow field over static armor layer. In: M. Greco, A. Carravetta, R. Della Morte (eds.), River Flow 2004, Proc. of 2nd Intern. Conf. on Fluvial Hydraulics, June 2004, Napoli, Italy, 225-233.
- Aberle, J., and V. Nikora, 2006, Statistical properties of armored gravel-bed surfaces, Water Resources Research (in press).
- Bettes, R., and A. Frangipane, 2003, A one-layer model to predict the time development of static armour, J. Hydraul. Res. 41, 2, 179-194.
- Bunte, K., and S.R. Abt, 2001, Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel- and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics and streambed monitoring, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-74, Fort Collins, CO, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
- Carling, P.A., and N.A. Reader, 1982, Structure, composition and bulk properties of upland stream gravels, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 7, 349-365.
- Fehr, R., 1987, Geschiebeanalysen in Gebirgsflüssen, Mitt. der Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie, ETH Zürich 92.
- Komura, S., 1963, Sediment transport mechanics: Introduction and properties of sediment, J. Hydraul. Div. 89, 1, 263-266.
- Lisle, T.E., 1989, Sediment transport and resulting deposition in spawning gravels, North Coastal California, Water Resour. Res. 25, 6, 1303-1319.
- Marion, A., and L. Fraccarollo, 1997, New conversion model for areal sampling of fluvial sediments, J. Hydraul. Eng. 123, 12, 1148-1151.
- Milhous, R.T., 2002, Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers, Hydraulic Measurements & Experimental Methods 2002, Estes Park, Colorado, USA (papers on CDrom).
- Nikora, V.I., D.G. Goring and B.J.F. Biggs, 1998, On gravel-bed roughness characterisation, Water Resour. Res. 34, 3, 517-527.
- Nikora, V.I., D.G. Goring, I. McEwan and G.A. Griffiths, 2001, Spatially averaged open channel-flow over rough bed, J. Hydraul. Eng. 127, 2, 123-133.
- Nikora, V.I., K. Koll, I.K. McEwan, S.R. McLean and A. Dittrich, 2004, Velocity distribution in the roughness layer of rough-bed flows, J. Hydraul. Eng. 130, 7, 1036-1042.
- Nikora, V., I. McEwan, S. McLean, S. Coleman, D. Pokrajac and R. Walters, 2006a, Double averaging concept for rough-bed open-channel and overland flows: Theoretical background, J. Hydraul. Eng. (accepted).
- Nikora, V., S. McLean, S. Coleman, D. Pokrajac, I. McEwan, L. Campbell, J. Aberle, D. Clunie and K. Koll, 2006b, Double averaging concept for rough-bed open-channel and overland flows: Applications, J. Hydraul. Eng. (accepted).
- Oppermann, M., 2005, Bestimmung von Sohlrauheiten bei Deckschichtbildung, Thesis, Leichtweiß-Institut für Wasserbau, TU Braunschweig.
- Sibanda, E., I. McEwan and A. Marion, 2000, Measuring the structure of mixed-grain-size sediment beds, J. Hydraul. Eng. 126, 5, 347-353.
- Stephan, U., 2001, Zum Fliesswiderstandsverhalten flexibler Vegetation, PhD thesis, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna.
- Toro-Escobar, C., C. Paola and G. Parker, 1996, Transfer function for the deposition of poorly sorted gravel in response to streambed aggradation, J. Hydraul. Res. 34, 1, 35-53.
- Veličković, B., 2005, Colmation as one of the processes in interaction between the groundwater and surface water, Facta Universitatis, Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 3, 2, 165-172.
- Vollmer, S., 2005, Einfluß der Oberflächenströmung auf die permeable Gewässersohle, Mitt. des Instituts für Wasser und Gewässerentwicklung, Heft 231, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Karlsruhe.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL7-0021-0004