Zachowanie się skał izo-- i anizotropowych w warunkach trójosiowego ściskania

Kwaśniewski, M.

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Zachowanie się skał izo-- i anizotropowych w warunkach trójosiowego ściskania

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Kwaśniewski M.

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Warianty tytułu

Behavior of iso- and anisotropic rocks under triaxial compression conditions

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

W rozprawie tej rozważane są fundamentalne dla mechaniki skał zagadnienia zachowania się skał w złożonych stanach naprężenia, a w szczególności wytrzymałość graniczna i kruche zniszczenie skał izotropowych w warunkach osiowo-symetrycznego stanu naprężeń ściskających (Sigma 1> Sigma 2=Sigma 3), efekt przejścia skał ze stanu kruchego w stan ciągliwy w warunkach wysokich ciśnień oraz zachowanie się skał izo- i anizotropowych w warunkach tzw. Ogólnego (asymetrycznego) trójosiowego stanu naprężenia (Sigma1 nie jest równy Sigma2 nie jest równy Sigma 3). W rozprawie można wyróżnić cztery zasadnicze części. W pierwszej dokonano uogólnienia obecnego stanu wiedzy o własnościach wytrzymałościowych skał w warunkach trójosiowego osiowo-symetrycznego stanu naprężeń ściskających, o teoriach objaśniających przyczyny zniszczenia materiału w złożonym stanie naprężenia i wywodzących się z tych teorii warunkach wytrzymałościowych. W części drugiej autor przedstawił własną teorię kruchego zniszczenia skał o budowie ziarnistej. W oparciu o tę teorię wprowadził nowy ogólny warunek wytrzymałościowy dla skal i poddał go gruntownej analizie jakościowej i ilościowej korzystając z bardzo licznych wyników badań eksperymentalnych nad wytrzymałością graniczną piaskowców w warunkach tzw. konwencjonalnego trójosiowego ściskania. W trzeciej części przedstawione zostały wyniki badań eksperymentalnych nad własnościami odkształceniowymi i wytrzymałościowymi pewnego łupku metamorficznego - anizotropowej skały o wyraźnej gęstej foliacji - w warunkach tzw. Prawdziwego trójosiowego ściskania. Czwarta część rozprawy poświęcona jest zjawisku przejścia w skałach, w warunkach wysokich ciśnień, ze stanu kruchego w stan ciągliwy. Korzystając z licznych wyników badań eksperymentalnych nad charakterem odkształcania się i zniszczenia wielu różnych mineralogicznych i petrograficznych odmian piaskowców w warunkach wysokich ciśnień, sformułowano warunki przejścia dla tych właśnie skał; są to równania, które wyrażają zależność pomiędzy granicznym naprężeniem różnicowym a ciśnieniem okólnym przy przejściu. Podano również formuły empiryczne opisujące zależność ciśnienia przejścia w piaskowcach od ich wytrzymałości granicznej na jednoosiowe ściskanie i od porowatości.

This work deals with two problems taht are central to engineering and geological rock mechanics. These are: the brittle behavior of rocks, and the ability of rock to undergo large plastic deformations without gross-fracturing. Presented here are the results of studies carried out by the author on the ultimate strength and mode of deformation and failure of iso- and anisotropic rocks under axisymmetric (Sigma 1> Sigma2 = Sigma3) and true triaxial (Sigma1>Sigma2>Sigma3) state of compressive stresses. The objectives of these studies were as follows: - to determine and describe, by means of a suitable theory and strength criterion, the influence of confining pressure on ultimate strength of iso- and anisotropic rock, - to determine the influence of intermediate principal stress on the strength and deformational properties of anisotropic rocks, - to determine the influence of confining pressure on mode of deformation and failure of medium-grained clastic rocks (sandstones) and to formulate a low of transition of these rocks from brittle to duclite state. In Chapter 3, strength criteria have been carefully examined and quantitatively verified, particulary those which seem to be applicable to isotropic rocks. In Chapter 4, 6, and 7, a new theory of brittle failure of clastic rocks has been set forth. On the basis of this theory a new general strength criterion has been given. It was verified quantitatively using results of conventional triaxial compression tests of samples of several dozen various sandstones. Experimental studies of the mechanical behavior of iso- and anisotropic rocks under triaxial compression conditions, the results of which have been presented in this work, were carried out by the author during the last twenty-five years in his Rock Mechanics Laboratory at the Faculty of Mining and Geology of the Silesian University of Technology, in Prof. Kiyoo Mogi's laboratory at the Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo and in Dr Manabu Takahashi's laboratory at the Geological Survey of Japan.

Słowa kluczowe

mechanika skał wytrzymałość skał skały

rocks mechanic strata cohesion rocks

Wydawca

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Czasopismo

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

Rocznik

2002

Tom

z. 247

Strony

1--407

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 417 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kwaśniewski M.

Katedra Geomechaniki Budownictwa Podziemnego i Zarządzania Ochroną Powierzchni Politechniki Śląskiej, 44-100 Gliwice, ul. Akademicka 2, pok. 473, tel. (0-32) 2372550

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