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In the paper factor analysis is applied to well-logging data in order to extract petrophysical information about sedimentary structures. Statistical processing of well logs used in hydrocarbon exploration results in a factor log, which correlates with shale volume of the formations. The so-called factor index is defined analogously with natural gamma ray index for describing a linear relationship between one special factor and shale content. Then a general formula valid for a longer depth interval is introduced to express a nonlinear relationship between the above quantities. The method can be considered as an independent source of shale volume estimation, which exploits information inherent in all types of well logs being sensitive to the presence of shale. For demonstration, two wellbore data sets originated from different areas of the Pannonian Basin of Central Europe are processed, after which the shale volume is computed and compared to estimations coming from independent inverse modeling.
Słowa kluczowe
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Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
935--953
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 21 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Geophysics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary, norbert.szabo.phd@gmail.com
Bibliografia
- Alberty, M.W., and K.H. Hashmy (1984), Application of ULTRA to log analysis. In: 25th Annual Logging Symposium SPWLA, 10-13 June 1984, New Orleans, USA, Society of Petrophysicists andWell Log Analysts, Houston, paper 1984-Z.
- Asfahani, J., M. Aissa, and R. Al-Hent (2005), Statistical factor analysis of aerial spectrometric data, Al-Awabed area, Syria: a useful guide for phosphate and uranium exploration, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 62, 649-661.
- Asquith, G.B., and D.A. Krygowski (2004), Basic Well Log Analysis, 2nd ed., AAPG Methods in Exploration Series, No. 16, The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa.
- Baker Atlas (1996), OPTIMA, eXpress reference manual, Baker Atlas, Western Atlas Int. Inc., Houston.
- Ball, S.M., D.M. Chace, and W.H. Fertl (1987), The Well Data System (WDS): An advanced formation evaluation concept in a microcomputer environment. In: Proc. SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, 21-23 October 1987, Pittsburgh, USA, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc., Richardson, paper 17034, 61-85.
- Barstow, D.R. (1984), Artificial Intelligence at Schlumberger, AI Magazine 5, 4, 80-82.
- Bartlett, M.S. (1937), The statistical conception of mental factors, Brit. J. Psychol. – Gen. Sect. 28, 1, 97-104.
- Boguslavskii, M.A., and A.A. Burmistrov (2009), Petrophysical properties of kimberlites from the Komsomolsky pipe and their relationship to its composition, formation conditions, and diamond content, Mosc. Univ. Geol. Bull. 64, 6, 354-363.
- Dobróka, M., and N.P. Szabó (2005), Combined global/linear inversion of welllogging data in layer-wise homogeneous and inhomogeneous media, Acta Geod. Geophys. Hung. 40, 2, 203-214.
- Dolton, G.L. (2006), Pannonian Basin Province, Central Europe (Province 4808) – Petroleum geology, total petroleum systems, and petroleum resource assessment, USGS Bull. 2204-B, 1-47.
- Fraiha, S.G.C., and J.B.C. Silva (1994), Factor analysis of ambiguity in geophysics, Geophysics 59, 7, 1083-1091.
- Goncalves, C.A., P.K. Harvey, and M.A. Lovell (1995), Application of a multilayer neural network and statistical techniques in formation characterization. In: 36th Annual Logging Symposium SPWLA, 26-29 June 1995, Paris, France, Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, Houston, paper 1995-FF.
- Isaaks, E.H., and R.M. Srivastava (1989), An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 561 pp.
- Jöreskog, K.G. (2007), Factor analysis and its extensions. In: R. Cudeck and R.C. MacCallum (eds.), Factor Analysis at 100. Historical Developments and Future Directions, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Publishers, NewJersey, 47-77.
- Kaiser, H.F. (1958), The varimax criterion for analytical rotation in factor analysis, Psychometrika 23, 3, 187-200.
- Kazmierczuk, M., and J. Jarzyna (2006), Improvement of lithology and saturation determined from well logging using statistical methods, Acta Geophys. 54, 4, 378-398.
- Larionov, V.V. (1969), Radiometry of Boreholes, NEDRA, Moscow (in Russian).
- Lawley, D.N., and A.E. Maxwell (1962), Factor analysis as a statistical method, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. D – Stat. 12, 3, 209-229.
- Mayer, C., and A. Sibbit (1980), GLOBAL, a new approach to computer-processed log interpretation. In: Proc. 55th SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 21-24 September 1980, Dallas, USA, American Institute of Mining, Mettalurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, paper 9341, 1-14.
- Peveraro, R.C.A., and J.A. Lee (1988), HESPER: An expert system for petrophysical formation evaluation. In: SPE European Petroleum Conference, 16-19 October 1988, London, UK, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, 361-370.
- Urbancic, T.I., and R.C. Bailey (1988), Statistical techniques applied to borehole geophysical data in gold exploration, Geophys. Prospect. 36, 7, 752-771.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL1-0015-0018