Tytuł artykułu
Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Observations of CO2 concentration at a mountaintop in the Colorado Rockies in summer show a large diurnal variability with minimum CO2 concentrations found between 10:00 and 18:00 MST. Simulations are performed with a mesoscale model to examine the effects of atmospheric structure and large-scale flows on the diurnal variability. In the simulations initialized without large-scale winds, the CO2 minimum occurs earlier compared to the observations. Upslope flows play an important role in the presence of this early (pre-noon) minimum while the timing and magnitude of the minimum depend only weakly on the temperature structure. An increase in large-scale flow has a noticeable impact on the diurnal variability with a more gradual decrease in daytime CO2 concentration, similar to summer-averaged observations. From the idealized simulations and a case study, it is concluded that multi-scale flows and their interactions have a large influence on the observed diurnal variability.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
904--922
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USAInstitute, Steamboat Springs, CO, USA, dewekker@virginia.edu
Bibliografia
- Bakwin, P.S., P.P. Tans, D.F. Hurst, and C. Zhao (1998), Measurements of carbon dioxide on very tall towers: Results of the NOAA/CMDL program, Tellus B 50, 401-415.
- Bakwin, P.S., K.J. Davis, C. Yi, S.C. Wofsy, J.W. Munger, L. Haszpra, and Z. Barcza (2004), Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio data, Tellus B 56, 301-311.
- Baltensperger, U., H.W. Gaggeler, D.T. Jost, M. Lugauer, M. Schwikowski,
- E. Weingartner, and P. Seibert (1997), Aerosol climatology at the highalpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 19707-19715.
- Borys, R.D., and M.A. Wetzel (1997), Storm Peak Laboratory: a research, teaching and service facility for the atmospheric sciences, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 78.
- Cotton, W.R., R.A. Pielke Sr., R.L. Walko, G.E. Liston, C.J. Tremback, H. Jiang, R.L. McAnelly, J.Y. Harrington, M.E. Nicholls, G.G. Carrio, and J.P. McFadden (2003), RAMS 2001: Current status and future directions, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 82, 5-29.
- De Wekker, S.F.J., D.G. Steyn, and S. Nyeki, (2004), A comparison of aerosol layer- and convective boundary layer structure over a mountain range Turing STAAARTE’97, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 113, 249-271.
- Fiedler, F., I. Bischoff-Gauß, N. Kalthoff, and G. Adrian (2000), Modeling of the transport and diffusion of a tracer in the Freiburg-Schauinsland area, J. Geophys. Res. 105, D1, 1599-1610.
- Gloor, M., P. Bakwin, D. Hurst, L. Lock, R. Draxler, and P. Tans (2001), What is the concentration footprint of a tall tower?, J. Geophys. Res. 106, D16.
- Helliker, B.R., J.A. Berry, A.K. Betts, P.S. Bakwin, K.J. Davis, A.S. Denning, J.R. Ehleringer, J.B. Miller, M.P. Butler, and D.M. Ricciuto (2004), Estimates of net CO2 flux by application of equilibrium boundary layer concepts to CO2 and water vapor measurements from a tall tower, J. Geophys. Res. 109, D20, 1-13.
- Hindman, E.E., M.A. Campbell, and R.D. Borys (1994), A ten-winter record of cloud-droplet physical and chemical properties at a mountaintop site in Colorado, J. Appl. Meteor. 33, 797-807.
- Holzworth, G.C. (1964), Estimates of mean maximum mixing depths in the contiguous united states. Monthly Weath. Rev. 92, 235-242.
- Keeling, C.D., R.B. Bacastow, A.E. Bainbridge, C.A. Jr. Ekdahl, P.R. Guenther, L.S. Waterman, and J.F.S. Chin (1976), Atmospheric carbon-dioxide variations at Mauna-Loa Observatory, Hawaii, Tellus 28, 6, 538-551.
- Lagouvardos, K., V. Kotroni, and G.Kallos (1996), Exploring the effects of different types of model initialisation: Simulation of a severe air-pollution episode in Athens, Greece, Meteorol. Appl. 3, 147-155.
- Law, R.M., W. Peters, C. Rödenbeck, C. Aulagnier, I. Baker, D.J. Bergmann, P. Bousquet, J. Brandt, L. Bruhwiler, P.J. Cameron-Smith, J.H. Christensen, F. Delage, A.S. Denning, S. Fan, C. Geels, S. Houweling, R. Imasu, U. Karstens, S.R. Kawa, J. Kleist, M.C. Krol, S.-J. Lin, R. Lokupitiya, T. Maki, S. Maksyutov, Y. Niwa, R. Onishi, N. Parazoo, P. K. Patra, G. Pieterse, L. Rivier, M. Satoh, S. Serrar, S. Taguchi, M. Takigawa, R. Vautard, A. T. Vermeulen, and Z. Zhu (2008), TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB3009.
- Lowenthal, D.H., R.D. Borys, and M.A. Wetzel (2002), Aerosol distributions and cloud interactions at a mountaintop laboratory, J. Geophys. Res. 107, D18,4345.
- Lugauer, M., U. Baltensperger, M. Furger, H.W. Gaggeler, D.T. Jost, M. Schwikowski, and H. Wanner (1998), Aerosol transport to the high Alpine sites Jungfraujoch (3454 m asl) and Colle Gnifetti (4452 m asl), Tellus B 50, 76-92.
- Monson, R.K., A.A. Turnipseed, J.P. Sparks, P.C. Harley, L.E. Scott-Denton, K.L. Sparks, and T.E. Huxman (2002), Carbon sequestration in a high-elevation, subalpine forest, Global Change Biology 8, 459-478.
- Obrist D, A.G. Hallar, I. McCubbin, B.B. Stephens, and T. Rahn (2008), Measurements of atmospheric mercury at Storm Peak Laboratory in the Rocky Mountains: Evidence for long-range transport from Asia, boundary layer contributions, and plant mercury uptake, Atmos. Environ. 42, 7579-7589.
- Pales, J.C. and C.D. Keeling, (1965), The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 6053-6076.
- Pielke, R.A., W.R. Cotton. R.L. Walko, C.J. Tremback. W.A. Lyons, L.D. Grasso, M.E. Nicholls, M.D. Moran, D.A. Wesley, T.J. Lee, and J.H. Copeland (1992), A comprehensive meteorological modeling system–RAMS, Meteor. Atmos. Phys. 49, 69-91.
- Seibert, P., H. Kromp-Kolb, A. Kasper, M. Kalina, H. Puxbaum, D.T. Jost, M. Schwikowski, and U. Baltensperger (1998), Tranport of polluted Bondary layer air from the Po Valley to high-alpine sites, Atmos. Environ. 32, 3953-3965.
- Stephens B., A. Watt, G. Maclean (2006), An autonomous inexpensive robust CO2 analyzer (AIRCOA). In: Thirteenth WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques, WMO TD 1359, pp. 95-99, <http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/gaw168.pdf>.
- Sun, J., S.P. Oncley, S.P. Burns, B.B. Stephens, D.H. Lenschow, T. Campos, R.K. Monson, D.S. Schimel, W.J. Sacks, S.F.J. De Wekker, C. Lai, B. Lamb, D. Ojima, P.Z. Ellsworth, L.S.L. Sternberg, S. Zhong, C. Clements, D.J.P. Moore, D.E. Anderson, A.S. Watt, J. Hu, M. Tschudi, S. Aulenbach, E. Allwine, and T. Coons (2009), A multi-scale and multidiscplinary investigation of ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 exchange over the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. (in press).
- Thoning, K.W., P.P. Tans, and W.D. Komhyr (1989), Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory. 2: Analysis of the NOAA/GMCC data, 1974- 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8549-8565.
- Walko, R.L., L.E. Band, J. Baron, T.G.F. Kittel, R. Lammers, T.J. Lee, D. Ojima, R.A. Pielke Sr., C. Taylor, C. Tague, C.J. Tremback, and P.L. Vidale (2000), Coupled atmosphere–biophysics–hydrology models for environment al modeling, J. Appl. Meteor. 39, 931-944.
- Walko, R.L., C.J. Tremback, and M.J Bell (2001), HYPACT. Hybrid particle and concentration transport model. User’s guide, 35 pp. (available from ASTER Division, Mission Research Corporation, P.O. Box 466, Fort Collins.
- Watson, J.G., D. Blumenthal, J. Chow, C. Cahill, L.W. Richards, D. Dietrich, R. Morris, J. Houck , R.J. Dickson, and S. Andersen (1996), Mt. Zirkel wilderness area reasonable attribution study of visibility impairment. Vol. II: Results of data analysis and modelling. Part 1: Final Report, July 1, prepared for Technical Steering Committee c/o Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Air Pollution Control Division, Denver, CO. Weiss-Penzias, P., D.A. Jaffe, P. Swartzendruber, J.B. Dennison, D. Chand, W. Hafner, and E. Prestbo, (2006), Observations of Asian air pollution in the free troposphere at Mount Bachelor Observatory during the spring of 2004. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D10304.
- Whiteman, C.D. (1982), Breakup of temperature inversions in deep mountain valleys. Part I. Observations, J. Appl. Meteor. 21, 270-289.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL1-0005-0027