Immersed tunnel technology: a brief history of its development

• Autorzy: Łotysz S.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Tunele zatapiane: krótka historia rozwoju technologii

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The first tunnel made of segments, which were sunken and then merged under water, was built in 1896. It was a passage for conducting sewerage under Boston Harbor. The first tunnel for passenger traffic was constructed ten years later, also in the United States. Since then more than one hundred immersed tunnels of different size and length have been built worldwide. But the rise of "build-and-sink" technology is much older than that. Before the Boston Harbor tunnel was built the method has been theoretically elaborated in numerous patents and subsequent proposals. After that practically verified and perfected to the present form. Today's "build-and-sink" technology allows constructing floating immersed tunnels, buried in a sub aqueous trench or simply laid on the bottom. The case of immersed technology is shown as an example of a technique, which was invented ahead of its time.

PL

Pierwszy tunel wykonany w technologii zatapianych segmentów został wykonany w 1896 roku. Był to krótki odcinek kanału ściekowego w Bostonie. 10 lat później zbudowano tą metodą pierwszy tunel kolejowy, również w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Od tamtej pory na całym świecie powstało przeszło 100 konstrukcji tego typu. Początki technologii budowy tuneli poprzez zatapiania na dnie zbiornika wodnego gotowych segmentów sięgają początków XIX wieku. Teoretyczne rozważania, dziesiątki projektów i kilka nieudanych prób sprawiły, że zanim technologia ta została wdrożona, była szczegółowo opracowana a jej podstawowe założenia opatentowane. Dzieje rozwoju technologii tunelu zatapialnego to doskonały przykład koncepcji wyprzedzającej swoje czasy.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

immersed tunnel; sunken tunnel; subaquanous tunneling

PL

tunele zatapiane; technologie tunelu zatapialnego

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
• Czasopismo: Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: No. 4
• Strony: 97--110
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Łotysz S.

• Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Instytut Budownictwa, 65-245 Zielona Góra, ul. Prof. Z. Szafrana 2,

Bibliografia

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