Rock porosity determination in the historical monuments preservation

• Autorzy: Labus M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Since ancient times people have used natural stone materials for building purposes. The need of safeguarding historical sites and cultural heritage provoke considering the precise technical characterization of building stones and their changes in weathering processes. In the paper there were listed detailed petrographical analysis used for assessing the quality and durability of the stone material. The porosity properties are detected by means of a range of methods, divided into two groups: direct (including thin section microscopy and scanning electron microscopy), which allow direct documentation and measuring of pore space; and indirect (including mercury porosimetry or nitrogen sorption method), which enable calculating the porosity data from the measuring results. Precise knowledge of porosity characteristics, like total porosity, pore sizes, pore size distribution and pore surface is essential for: stone characterization, modeling of transportation processes, assessment of stone durability, interpretation and prediction of the weathering behavior of natural stones, quantification and rating of stone deterioration and evaluation of effectiveness of stone treatments. Basing on the literature digest and own experience, some examples of the stone porosity characteristic application was presented. The variety of natural stones used as construction material, the complicated nature of weathering processes and complex porosity properties determine implication of different analytical methods for stone examination. The most popular method is mercury porosimetry, but it is worth to remember that a reliable characterization of porosity properties can be guaranteed by application of different analytical procedures.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

rock porosity; determination of rock porosity

PL

porowatość skał; oznaczanie porowatości skał; zabezpieczanie pomników

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
• Czasopismo: Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: No. 3
• Strony: 103--113
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Labus M.

• Politechnika Śląska w Gliwicach

Bibliografia

• 1.Andriani G.F., Walsh N., 2003: Fabric, porosity and water permeability of calacarenites from Apulia (SE Italy) used as building and ornamental stone. Bull.Eng.Geol.Env. 62, 77-84.
• 2.Dreesen R., Dusar M., 2004: Historical building stones in the province of Limburg (NE Belgium): role of petrography in provenance and durability assessment. Materials Characterization, 53, 273-287.
• 3.Fitzner B, Kownatzki R., 1991: Porositätseigenschaften und Verwitterungsverhalten von sedimentären Naturwerksteinen. Bauphysic 13, h.4, 111-119.
• 4.Fitzner B., Heinrichs K., 2002: Damage diagnosis on stone monuments -weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices. - (w:) Pikryl, R. & Viles H.A. (ed.): Understanding and managing stone decay. Proceedings of the International Conference "Stone weathering and atmospheric pollution network (SWAPNET 2001)", Prague, 11-56.
• 5.Götze J., Siedel H., 2004: Microscopic scale characterization of ancient building sandstones from Saxony (German). Materials Characterization 53, 209-222.
• 6.Ingham J.P., 2005: Predicting the frost resistance of building stone. Quart.J.Eng.Geol and Hydogeol, 38, 387-399.
• 7.Jarmontowicz A., Krzywobłocka-Laurów R., Lehmann J., 1994: Piaskowiec w zabytkowej architekturze i rzeźbie. Tow. Opieki nad Zabytkami, Warszawa.
• 8.Labus M., 1996: Związek między porowatością a stanem zachowania materiału kamiennego wybranych budowli zabytkowych na Górnym Śląsku. Przegl. Geol. 44, 55-58.
• 9.Labus M., 2000: Zastosowanie metody komputerowego przetwarzania i analizy obrazu do oznaczania porowatości skał okruchowych. Zesz. Polit. Śl., z. 246, pp. 285-293.
• 10.Labus M., 2001: Comparison of computer image analysis with mecury porosimetry in sandstone porosity measurement. Geol. Quart., 45 (1), pp. 75-79.
• 11.Labus M., 2007: Evaluation of weathering-resistance classes in clastic rocks on the example of Polish sandstones. Environ.Geol. on-line first DOI 10.1007/s00254-007-0816-5.
• 12.Marszałek M., 1994: Mineralogiczno-petrograficzne metody badań podatności na niszczenie zabytkowej architektury kamiennej. Ochr. Zbyt. Nr 3-4, 281-288.
• 13.Price C.A., 1996: Stone Conservation. An overview of current research. The Getty Conservation Institute.
• 14.Sousa L.M.O., Suarez del Rio L.M., Calleja L., Ruiz de Argandona V.G., Rodriguez Rey A., 2005: Influence of microfractures and porosity on the physico-mechanical properties and weathering of ornamental granites. Eng. Geol., 77, 153-168.
• 15.Solymar M., Lehmann E., Vontobel P., Nordlund A., 2003: Relating variations in water saturation of a sandstone sample to pore geometry by neutron tomography and image analysis on thin sections. Bull.Eng.Geol.Env. 62, 85-88.
• 16.Smoleńska, A., Rembiś M., 1995: Wpływ wykształcenia mikrostrukturalnego piaskowców występujących w obiektach zabytkowych Krakowa na odpowiedni dobór wypełniaczy mineralnych stosowanych w ich rekonstrukcji. Kwartalnik Geologia, t.21, z.2, 97-116.
• 17.Tuğrul A., Zarif I.H., 1999: Research on limestone decay in a polluting environment. Istanbul-Turkey, Env. Geol. 38, 149-158.
• 18.Turkington A.V., Paradise T.R.: Sandstone weathering: a century of research and innovation, Geomorphology, 67, 229-253.
• 19.Washburn, E.W., 1921: Note on the method of determining the distribution of pore sizes in a porous material. Proceed. of National Academy of Science, 7, 115-116.
• 20.Wüst R.A., Schlüchter C., 2000: The origin of soluble salts in rocks of the Thebes Mountains. Egypt: The damage potential to ancient Egyptian wall art, J. Arch. Sci 27, 1161-1172.
• 21.Zoghlami K., Gómez-Gras D., 2004: Determination of the distribution of consolidants and interpretation of mercury porosimetry data in a snadstone porous network using LSCM. Micr.Res.and Techn., vol.65, 270-275.