System and risk approach to ship safety, with special emphasis of stability

• Autorzy: Kobyliński L.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Systemowe i oparte na analizie ryzyka podejście do bezpieczeństwa statku ze szczególnym podkreśleniem problematyki statecznościowej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Present stability regulations developed over the years by IMO reached definite conclusion with the adoption of the Revised draft of the Intact Stability Code. The criteria included there are working comparatively well with regard to the majority of conventional ships. Advent of very large and sophisticated ships of non-conventional features caused that those criteria may be inadequate, and because of that currently IMO is considering development of criteria based on ship performance. However, with the application of the existing criteria risk level is not known, and there was still a number of ships satisfying criteria that did capsize due to different causes. The present criteria are design criteria of the prescriptive nature. As opposed to prescriptive criteria requirements based on risk analysis offer many advantages. The author proposes that as alternative to existing criteria safety assessment based on risk analysis should be used. This would require holistic and system approach to stability. Safety against capsizing (or LOSA accident) is a complex system where design, operational, environmental and human factors have to be taken into account. The crucial point in safety assessment would be identification of all hazards the ship may be subjected. Although performing risk analysis to stability problems seems to be a very compl ex task, in the opinion of the author it may be manageable and could be applied for safety assessment of highly sophisticated and costly ships.

PL

Przyjęcie przez IMO znowelizowanego Kodeksu stateczności zakończyło określony etap prac nad rozwojem przepisów statecznościowych. Przepisy te spełniają dość dobrze zadanie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa w stosunku do statków konwencjonalnych. Mogą one być jednakże niewystarczające dla statków dużych, nowoczesnych i niekonwencjonalnych. Jednakże poziom ryzyka przy zastosowaniu obecnych kryteriów nie jest znany. ponadto od czasu do czasu zdarzają się wypadki przewrócenia się statku. Z tego powodu do programu prac IMO wprowadzono zadanie opracowania kryteriów opartych o osiągi statku. Alternatywą dla wymagań preskrypcyjnych są wymagania oparte na analizie ryzyka. Autor proponuje stosowanie alternatywnych wymagań opartych na analizie ryzyka. Wymaga to stosowania podejścia systemowego i holistycznego. Bezpieczeństwo przed przewróceniem się stanowi złożony system, w którym należy uwzględnić aspekty projektowe. operacyjne. otoczenie i ładunek. Istotnym elementem oceny bezpieczeństwa jest identyfikacja wszystkich zagrożeń, jakim podlega statek. Analiza ryzyka jest procedura złożoną, jednakże zdaniem autora w stosunku do stateczności jest możliwa do wykonania.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ship's safety; risk analysis; stability of ship; hazard identification; formal safety assessment

PL

stateczność statku; bezpieczeństwo statku

• Wydawca: Springer ; Wrocław University of Science and Technology
• Czasopismo: Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: Vol. 7, no 4
• Strony: 97--106
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kobyliński L.

• Foundation for Safety of Navigation and Environment Protection, 14-200 Iława-Kamionka

Bibliografia

• [1] Alman P.R., Minnick P.V., Sheinberg R., Thomas III W.L.: Dynamic capsize vulnerability: reducing the hidden operational risk, SNAME Annual Meeting, 1999.
• [2] Cleary W.A: Marine stability criteria, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, Glasgow, 1975.
• [3] Erickson A., Person J., Rutgerson O.: On the use of formal safety assessment when analysing the risk for cargo shift in rough seas, International Conference on Design and Operation in Abnormal Conditions, Proceedings, Glasgow, 1997.
• [4] Hoppe H.: Goal based standards - a new approach to the international regulation of ship construction, IMO News, Issue 1, 2006.
• [5] IMO: Formal Safety Assessment. Trial application to high speed passenger catamaran vessels, Doc. DE 41/INF.7, 1997.
• [6] IMO: Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for use in the IMO rule-making process, Doc. MSC/Circ.1023; MEPC/Circ.392, 2002.
• [7] IMO: Revised Intact Stability Code Prepared by the Intersessional Correspondence Group. Submitted by Germany. Doc. SLF 49/5, 2006.
• [8] IMO: Subcommittee on Stability, subdivision and Safety of Fishing Vessels, Report of 50th session. Doc.SLF 50/WP.6., 2007.
• [9] Kastner S.: Safety and Stability of Ships, Vol. 1, Elsevier, 2003.
• [10] Kobyliński L.: Philosophishe und Hydrodynamische Probleme der Internationalen Kenterkriterien von Schiffen, Intern. Schiffstechnische Symposium, Rostock, 1984.
• [11] Kobyliński L.: Application of the FSA methodology to intact stability criteria, Marine Technology Transactions, Vol. 15 (2004), pp. 319-329
• [12] Kobyliński L.: Appraisal of risk assessment approach to stability of ships, International Workshop on Ship Stability, Istambul, 2005.
• [13] Kobyliński L.: Alternative stability requirements based on system and risk approach, 9th STAB Conference, Rio de Janeiro, 2006.
• [14] Krappinger O.: Die quantitative Berucksichtigung der Sicherheit und Zuverlaessigkeit bei der Konstruktion von Schiffen, Jahrbuch der STG, Bd. 61, 1997.
• [15] Manum I.A.: What have guided international activities on intact stability so far?, 4th STAB Conference, Naples, 1990.
• [16] McTaggart K., de Kat J.O.: Capsize risk of intact frigates in irregular seas, SNAME Annual Meeting, paper Nr.8, 2000.
• [17] ter Bekke E.C.A., van Daalen E.F.G., Willeboordse E.J., Boonstra H., Keizer E.W.H., Ale, B.: Integrated safety assessment of small container ships. 8th Intern. Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, New Orleans, 2006.
• [18] U.S.Coast Guard: Prevention through people, Quality Action Team Report, 1995.
• [19] Vassalos D.: Total ship safety - a life-cycle risk-based DOR for safety, The Stability Research Centre, NAME, Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, May 2002.