The role of visual perception in spoken responses

• Autorzy: Amassian V. E. , Cracco R. Q. , Maccabee P. J. , Cracco J. B. , Rudell A. P. , Eberle L. , Bodis-Wollner I.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

How subjects voice responses to flashed visual symbols was investigated at successive stages of the information processing. The representation exits from V1 mainly by 120-140, mean 130 ms; cortical motor output to voice onset has a mean delay of 85 ms. The latencies of voicing only a noise, blurting versus perceiving before responding correctly yield mean delays for perception (85 ms) and for spatio-temporal motor coding of digits (45 ms), with a mean total delay of 345 ms. Prefrontal cortex and Intralaminar N. also contribute to perception.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

visual perception; occipito-frontal flow; Broca excitability; TMS mapping

PL

percepcja wizualna; kora mózgowa

• Wydawca: Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 31, no. 3
• Strony: 65--80
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Amassian V. E.

autor

Cracco R. Q.

autor

Maccabee P. J.

autor

Cracco J. B.

autor

Rudell A. P.

autor

Eberle L.

autor

Bodis-Wollner I.

• Box 31, Departament of Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn NY 11203, USA

Bibliografia

• 1. Libet B., Alberts W. W., Wright E. W., Levin G., Feinstein B:. Production of threshold levels of conscious sensation by electrical stimulation of human somatosensory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 1964, 27, 546-578.
• 2. Dennett D. C.: Consciousness explained, Little: Brown and Co. New York 1991.
• 3. Penrose R.: The emperor's new mind Oxford University Press, New York 1989.
• 4. Barker A. T., Freeston I. L., Jalinous R., Merton P. A., Morton H. B.: Magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1985, 369, 3P.
• 5. Amassian V., Zoltan M., Sagliocco L., Hassan N., Maccabee P., Craccoo J. B., Cracco R. Q., Bodis-Wollner: Perception of phosphenes and flashed alphabetic characters is enhanced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of anterior frontal lobe: The thalamic gate hypothesis. Perception 2008, 37, 375-388.
• 6. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabee P. J.: A sense of movement elicited in paralyzed distal arm by focal magnetic coil stimulation of human motor cortex. Brain Research 1989, 479, 355-360.
• 7. Gandevia S. C., Killian K., McKenzie D. K., Crawford M., Allen G. M., Gorman R. B., Hales J. P.: Respiratory sensations, cardiovascular control, kinaesthesia and transcranial stimulation during paralysis in humans. J. Physiol. 1993, 470, 85-107.
• 8. Amassian V. E., Somasundaram M., Rothwell J. C., Britton T., Cracco J. B., Cracco R. Q., Maccabbe P. J., Day B. L.: Parethesias are elicited by single pulse, magnetic coil stimulation of motor cortex in susceptible humans. Brain 1991, 114, 2505-2520.
• 9. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabbe P. J., Cracco J. B., Rudell A., Eberle L.: Suppression of visual perception by magnetic coil stimulation of human occipital cortex. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1989, 74, 458-462.
• 10. Kamitami Y., Shimojo S.: Manifestation of scotomas created by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 1999, 2, 767-771.
• 11. Amassian V. E., Eberle L., Maccabee P. J., Cracco R. Q.: Modeling magnetic coil excitation of human cerebral cortex with a peripheral nerve immersed in a brain-shaped volume conductor: The significance of fiber bending in excitation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1992, 85, 291-301.
• 12. Maccabee P. J., Amassian V. E., Eberle L. P., Cracco R. Q.: Magnetic coil stimulation of straight and bent amphibian and mammalian peripheral nerve in-vitro: Locus of excitation. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1993, 460, 201-219.
• 13. Maccabee P. J., Eberle L., Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Rudell A., Jayachandra M.: Spatial distribution of the electric field induced in volume by round and figure '8' magnetic coils: relevance to activation of sensory nerve. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1990, 76, 131-141.
• 14. Amassian V. E., Maccabee P. J., Cracco R. Q., Cracco J. B., Somasundaram M., Rothwell J. C, Eberle L., Henry K., Rudell A. P.: The polarity of the induced electric field influences magnetic coil inhibition of human visual cortex: implications for the site of excitation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1994, 93, 21-26.
• 15. Rosenthal J., Waller H. J., Amassian V. E.: An analysis of the activation of motor cortical neurons by surface stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 1967, 30, 844-858.
• 16. Krynjevic K., Randic M., Straughan D. W.: Nature of a cortical inhibitory process. J. Physiol. (Lond) 1966, 184, 49-77.
• 17. Masur H., Papke K., Oberwittler C.: Suppression of visual perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation-experimental findings in healthy subjects and patients with optic neuritis. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1993, 86, 259-267.
• 18. Murray N. M. F., Hess C. W., Mills R. R., Schriefer T., Smith S. J. M.: Proximal facial nerve conduction using magnetic stimulation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophsiol., 1987, 66, S71.
• 19. Maccabee P. J., Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Cracco J. B., Anziska B. J.: Intracranial stimulation of facial nerve in humans with the magnetic coil. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1998, 70, 350-354.
• 20. Liscic R. M., Morota N., Deletis V.: Intramedullary stimulation of the facial and hypoglossal nerves: Estimation of the stimulated site. Crotian Med. J. 2000, 41 (4), 384-388.
• 21. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabee P. J., Cracco J. B., Rudell A. P., Eberle L.: Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the study of the visual pathway. J. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1998, 15, 288-304.
• 22. Breitmeyer B. G., RoT., Ogmen H.: A comparison of masking by visual transcranial magnetic stimulation: implications for the study of conscious and unconscious visual processing. Consciousness and Cognition 2004, 13, 829-843.
• 23. Amassian V. E., Maccabee P. J., Cracco R. Q., Cracco J. B., Rudell A. P., Eberle L.: Measurement of information processing delays in human visual cortex with repetitive magnetic coil stimulation. Brain Research 1993, 605, 317-321.
• 24. Paulus W., Korinth S., Wischet S., Tergau F.: Diffrential inhibition of chromatic and achromatic perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human visual cortex. NeuroReport 1999, 10, 1, 248.
• 25. Corthout E., Utti B., Walsh V., Hallett M., Cowey A.: Timing of activity in early visual cortex as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. NeuroReport 1999, 10, 2631-3634.
• 26. Corthout E., Hallett M., Cowey A.: Early visual cortical processing suggested by transcranial magnetic stimulation. NueroReport 2002, 13, 1163-1166.
• 27. Moliadze V., Zhao Y., Eysel U., Funke K.: Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on single-unit activity in the cat primary visual cortex. Physiology 2003, 555, 665-679.
• 28. Penfield W., Roberts L.: Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1959.
• 29. Ojemann G., Mateer C.: Human language cortex: localization of memory, syntax and sequential motor- phoneme identification systems. Science 1979, 205, 1401-1403.
• 30. Amassian V. E., Maccabee P. J., Cracco R. Q., Cracco J.: Basic mechanisms of magnetic coil excitation of nervous systems in humans and monkeys: Applications in focal stimulation of different cortical areas in humans. In: "Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology" S. Chokroverty (Ed.), Butterworth, Stoneham 1990 73-111.
• 31. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabee P. J., Cracco J. B., Henry K.: Somepositive effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation. In: Advances in Nerology: 67, Negative Motor Phenomena, Ed. S. Fahn, M. Hallett, H. O. Luders, C. D. Marsden, Raven Press, New York 1995, 79-106.
• 32. Campbell A. W.: Histological studies on the localization of cerebral function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1905.
• 33. Greenlee J. D., Oya H., Kawasaki H., Volko L. O., Kaufman O. P., Kovach C., Howard M. A., Brugge J.F.: A functional connection between inferior frontal gyrus and orofacial motor cortex in human, J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 92, 1158-1164.
• 34. Petrides M., In Broca's Region, Ed. Grodzinsky Y., K. Amunts., Oxford University Press, Oxford 2006, 3-46.
• 35. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabee P. J., Cracco J. B., Eberle L., Rudell A.: The time cost of mental arithmetic and its relationship to conscious awareness. J. Physiol. 1993, 467, 97P.
• 36. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabee P. J., Cracco J. B., Eberle L., Rudell A.: The time cost of mental arithmetic and its relationship to conscious awareness. J. Physiol. 1993, 467, 97P.
• 37. Cracco R. Q., Amassian V. E., Maccabee P. J., Cracco J. B.: Comparison of human transcallosal responses evoked by magnetic coil and electrical stimulation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1989, 74, 417-424.
• 38. Ruff C. C., Blackenburg F., Bjoertomt O., Bestmann S., Freeman E., Haynes J. D., Rees G., Josephs O., Deichmann R., Driver J.: Concurrent TMS-fMRI and psychophysics reveal frontal influences on human retinotopic visual cortex. Curr. Biol. 2006, 8, 16, 1479-88. Comment in: Curr Biol. 2006, 16, R 581-583.
• 39. Amassian V. E., Cracco R. Q., Maccabee P. J., Vergara M., Hassan N.: Phonetic aids in differentiating levels of human speech interference by magnetic stimulation. J. Physiol. 1996, 497, P 34P.
• 40. Amassian V. E., Rudell A. P., Cracco R Q.: The timing of human visual perception: estimates based on language vocalization and the recognition potential pp. 223-230 in: Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology, Eds. R. C. Reisin, M. R. Nuwer, M. Hallet, C. Medina. Sppl. Clin. Neurophysiology 2002, 54.