Application of membranes to treat natural and waste waters: new considerations to reduce fouling and increase recovery Up to 99%

• Autorzy: Pervov A. , Andrianov A. , Gorbunova T.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zastosowanie membran do oczyszczania wody i ścieków: nowe aspekty zmniejszenia zanieczyszczenia i zwiększenia odzysku do 99%

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Survey shows that high operational costs of membrane facilities and large amounts of effluents are mainly attributed to fouling and scaling. Research of scaling and fouling mechanisms showed that these processes depend not only on hydraulic and hydrodynamic factors, but on membrane type, material and channel configuration as well. Operational parameters of different membrane configurations show that spiral wound modules demonstrate best hydraulic and hydrodynamic characteristics combined with lowest price. Main ways to develop new fouling-free techniques are outlined that require modified "open-chan-nel" spiral wound membranes. Elimination of "deadlocks" as a main cause of scaling and fouling provide new technological approach to develop water treatment techniques without pretreatment facilities and chemicals. Modification of channel provides possibility to reach high recoveries and high supersaturation values due to strong stability of calcium carbonate solutions. Membrane transport is not only purification instrument it is also a reactor to coagulate, concentrate and precipitate water constituents on membrane surface. Several examples of water treatment flow diagrams are presented to demonstrate principles of zero concentrate flow discharge. Coagulated suspended matter after membrane flushes is collected, sedimented and finally dewatered. The dewatered sludge contains averagely 0,8 per cent of initial water. Due to the use of an "open-channel" modules membrane brine flow could be concentrated by many times without a fear of scaling and added to the sludge. Thus the excessive salts and impurities could be withdrawn from water systems together with partially dewatered sludge. Similarly excessive calcium carbonate could be also concentrated in membrane modules and subsequently precipitated, sedimented and dewatered. Solution of fouling problems thus provides a new approach to save operational costs and to increase ecological efficiency of membrane water treatment tools.

PL

Badania wykazują, iż wysokie koszty eksploatacji urządzeń z zastosowaniem membran i duże ilości odcieków są przypisywane zanieczyszczeniom i odkładaniu się kamienia. Procesy te zależą nie tylko od czynników hydraulicznych i hydrodynamicznych, ale także od rodzaju membran i materiałów użytych do ich budowy. Parametry pracy różnych membran wykazały najlepsze właściwości modułów spiralnych przy najniższej cenie. Przepływ przez membrany nie ogranicza się jedynie do oczyszczania, jest to także reaktor do koagulacji, zatężania i strącania. Zawiesina po procesie koagulacji z procesu czyszczenia membran jest poddana sedymentacji i odwadnianiu. Osad z odwadniania zawiera około 8% wody. Zastosowanie modułów o "otwartych kanałach" powoduje zmniejszenie zagrożenia zanieczyszczenia i odkładania się kamienia. Rozwiązanie problemu zmniejszenia zanieczyszczenia membran pozwoli zmniejszyć koszty pracy instalacji i spowoduje wyższy poziom ekologicznej efektywności narzędzi wykorzystujących technikę membranową.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

domestic wastewater; fouling-free technologies; membrane fouling; nanofiltration; natural water treatment; open-channel module; reclamation; recovery; reverse osmosis; scaling; spiral wound module; urban surface water; zero discharge

PL

ścieki bytowe; nanofiltracja; odwrócona osmoza; odzysk; regeneracja

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Ekologiczna
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Nr 24
• Strony: 17--31
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Pervov A.

autor

Andrianov A.

autor

Gorbunova T.

• Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Department of Water Supply

Bibliografia

• 1.R.A. Riddle (1991). Open channel ultrafiltration for reverse osmosis pretreatment, IDA world conference on Desalination and Water reuse August 25-29, 1991, Washington. Pretreatment and fouling.
• 2. A.G. Pervov, A.G. Melnikov (1991). The determination of the required foulant removal degree in RO feed pretreatment, IDA world conference on Desalination and Water reuse August 25-29, 1991, Washington. Pretreatment and fouling.
• 3. R. Bian, K. Yamamoto, Y. Watanabe (2000). The effect of shear rate on controlling the concentration polarization and membrane fouling, Proc. of the Conf. on Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production, Paris, France, 3-6 October 2000, V. 1, p. 421-432.
• 4. ITT PCI MEMBRANES – Membrane technologies - tubular membranes – micro-, ultra-, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, http://www.pcimembranes.eu/ (accessed 7 November 2010)
• 5. A.G. Pervov (1999). A simplified RO process design based on understanding of fouling mechanisms. Desalination, 126, 227-247.
• 6. A.G. Pervov, A.P. Andrianov, R.V. Efremov, A new solution for Caspian Sea desalination: low pressure membranes, Presented at the European Conference on Desalination and the Environment: Fresh Water for All, Malta, 4?8 May 2003. EDS, IDA, Desalination, 157 (2003), 377-384.
• 7. Ventresque C. et al. (2000). An outstanding feat of modern technology: the Meru-Sur-Oise Nanofiltration Treatment Plant (340 000 m3/d). Proc. of the Conf. on Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production. Paris, 3-6 October 2000. Vol.1, 1-16.
• 8. H. Futselaar, H. Schonewille, W. Meer (2003). Direct capillary nanofiltration for surface water. Desalination, 157, 135-136.
• 9. B. Bruggen, I. Hawrijk, E. Cornelissen, C. Vandecasteele (2003). Direct nanofiltration of surface water using capillary membranes: comparison with flat sheet membranes. Separation and Purification Technology, 31(2), 193-201.
• 10. P.A.C. Bonné, P. Hiemstra, J.P. Hoek, J.A.M.H. Hofman (2002). Is direct nanofiltration with air flush an alternative for household water production for Amsterdam? Desalination, 152 263-269.
• 11. A. Andrianov, A. Pervov, D. Spitsov (2008). Treatment of natural water with UF and NF membranes: new ways to reduce fouling, Proc. of IWA Regional conference – Membrane technologies in water and waste water treatment, June 2 – 4, 2008, Moscow, Russia, 476-482.
• 12. Hilal N., Al-Khatib L., Atkin B.P., Kochkodan V., Potapchenko N. Photochemical modification of membrane surfaces for (bio)fouling reduction: a nano-scale study using AFM. Desalination, 156 (2003) 65-72.
• 13. Hilal N., Mohammad A.W., Atkina B., Darwish N.A. Using atomic force microscopy towards improvement in nanofiltration membranes properties for desalination pretreatment: A review. Desalination, 157 (2003) 137-144.