Hybrydyzacja wśród ryb -przyczyny i jej znaczenie

Kirczuk, L.; Domagała, J.

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Hybrydyzacja wśród ryb -przyczyny i jej znaczenie

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Kirczuk L. , Domagała J.

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Hybridization of fsh - cuses and its sgnificance astract

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Abstrakty

Hybrydyzacja jest krzyżowaniem się osobników dwu populacji, które różnią się jedną lub więcej podstawowymi cechami dziedzicznymi. Proces ten związany jest z introgresją, która jest trwałym włączeniem genów z jednego zespołu różniących się populacji do drugiego zespołu [22]. Koniecznym, ale nie wystarczającym punktem wyjścia do powstania hybrydowego gatunku, jest rosnący zasięg zróżnicowanej genetycznie populacji, wchodzącej w kontakt pozbawiony barier rozrodczych lub, kiedy izolacja reprodukcyjna załamała się np. w wyniku zaburzeń w środowisku [12]. Hybrydowy takson jest niezależnie ewoluującą, historycznie stabilną populacją lub grupą populacji posiadającą unikatowe kombinację cech dziedzicznych, wywodzących się z krzyżowania przedstawicieli z dwu lub więcej oderwanych zespołów np. ras, podgatunków czy gatunków. Stabilność i ewolucyjna niezależność, jest podstawą dla wyróżnienia taksonu pochodzenia hybrydowego, z przypadkowej hybrydyzacji międzygatunkowej [22].

Hybridization is the crossing of individuals of two populations that differ in one or more of the basic hereditariness features. In the nature there are reproduction isolation mechanisms that are blocking interspecies hybridization of animals. In fish, more often than in other vertebrates, interbreeding occurs. This is due to external fertilization and the specificity of the living environment. Under breeding conditions hybridization of fish, including salmonids, is easy to implement and under natural conditions in interspecific hybrids such as salmon and trout appear to relatively rare, due to the presence of insulating mechanisms, mostly related to the separation of spawning sites. One of the main factors causing hybridization is, as a result of anthropogenic activities, disruption of the normal water conditions causing fluctuation of water level in rivers and reduction area of spawning sites. Hybridization is a process that has a significant role in the process of evolution and the creation of new species. Hybridization is often used in biotechnology, in order to obtain specimens of advantageous, in terms of aquaculture, features. Thanks to hybrydization populations are obtained with higher tolerance to cold, salinity, ammonia and better growth rates and greater resistance to disease. Note however that, given the growth of known hybrid taxa, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research on the hybridization of fish, in order to preserve and develop natural resources, and full understanding of physical and ecological changes will allow to protect better clean species. It is therefore necessary to protect natural populations against breeding individuals from experiments, which is not always realized. To preserve the natural populations it is crucial to protect limited areas species occurence, which is important especially when conducting restock and catches of fish. It is very important to preserve or restore the correct state of the natural environment and to consider each decision relating to implementation of new species due to exposure of wild populations to introgression. Hybridization advantageous in terms of biotechnology is therefore a major threat to wild populations, which, through appropriate measures, should be especially protected.

Słowa kluczowe

hybrydyzacja znaczenie hybrydyzacji

hybridization importance of hybridization

Wydawca

Politechnika Koszalińska

Czasopismo

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

Rocznik

2010

Tom

Tom 12

Strony

325--338

Opis fizyczny

bibliogr. 92 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kirczuk L.

autor

Domagała J.

Uniwersytet Szczeciński

Bibliografia

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