The Orthogneiss and Schist Complex of the Karkonosze-Izera Massif (Sudetes, SW Poland): U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, Nd-isotope systematics and protoliths

• Autorzy: Oberc-Dziedzic T. , Kryza R. , Pin C. , Mochnacka K. , Larionov A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Many basement units of the Variscan orogen that are exposed in the Sudetes, SW Poland, comprise widespread ~500 Ma orthogneisses and associated mica schists, the latter often of unknown age and derivation. Our new U-Pb sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon ages from two samples of the Izera metagranites, both around 503 Ma, are in a good agreement with the well established late Cambrian-early Ordovician magmatism in the West Sudetes. An Archean inherited zircon age of ~ 3.4 Ga is one of the oldest zircon ages reported so far from the Bohemian Massif. The orthogneisses of the Karkonosze-Izera Massif (KIM) have calculated TDM ages of between 1.50 and 1.93 Ga, but these ages are not necessarily evidence for a Mid-Proterozoic crustal derivation: more probably, they reflect the average of several detrital components mixed into the granitoid magma sources. In spite of likely age differences, the Lusatian greywackes, which outcrop to the west, and the mica schists of the KIM display similar geochemical characteristics, suggesting that both could have been derived from similar sources. However, the presence of lower Ordovician products of within-plate volcanism - intercalations of quartzofeldspathic rocks and amphibolites within the mica schists - supports an idea that the mica schist protoliths, derived mainly from crustal rocks, could have also contained an admixture of contemporaneous volcanic materials. The age spectra of inherited zircons from the KIM orthogneisses and their Nd-isotopic signatures are comparable to the Lusatian greywackes: this suggests that the Lusatian greywackes, or very similar rocks, could have been the source material for the granitic protoliths of the KIM orthogneisses.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

orthogneisses; mica schists; SHRIMP zircon geochronology; Nd isotopes; Sudetes; Variscides

• Wydawca: Instytut Nauk Geologicznych PAN ; Instytut Nauk Geologicznych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
• Czasopismo: Geologia Sudetica
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: Vol. 41
• Strony: 3--24
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 75 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Oberc-Dziedzic T.

autor

Kryza R.

autor

Pin C.

autor

Mochnacka K.

autor

Larionov A.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Plac M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland,

Bibliografia

• BENDL, J. & PATOCKA, F., 1995. The Rb-Sr isot ope geochemistry of the metamorphosed bimodal volcanic assotiation of the Rychory Mts crystalline complex, West Sudetes, Bohemian Massif. Geologia Sudetica, 29/1: 3-18.
• BERG, G., 1935. Erläuterungen zur Geologische Karte von Preussen und benachbarten Deutschen Ländern, Blatt Marklissa. Lief. 333. Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt. Berlin, 1-40.
• BLACK, L.P., KAMO, S.L., ALLEN, C.M., ALEINIKOFF, J.N., DAVIS, D.W., KORSCH, R.J. & FOUDOULIS, C., 2003. TEMORA 1: a new zircon standard for Phanerozoic U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology, 200: 155-170.
• BORKOWSKA, M., HAMEURT, J. & VIDAL, P., 1980. Orii gin and age of Izera gneisses and Rumburk granites in the Western Sudetes. Acta GeologicaPolonica, 30: 121-146.
• CHALOUPSKY, J., 1965. Metamorphic development of the Krkonose crystalline complex. Krystalinikum, 3: 31-54.
• CHALOUPSKY, J., CERVENKA, J., JETEL, J., KRALIK, F., LIBALOVA, J., POCHOVA, E., POKORNY, J., POsMOURNY, K, SEKYRA, J., SH0BENY, O., ŚALANSKY, K., ŚRAMEK, J. & VÄCL, J., 1989. Geologie Krkonoś a Jizerskych hor. [Geology of the Krkonośe and Jizerske hory Mts]. Ustredni ustav geologicky, Praha, 1-288.
• CROWLEY, Q.G., TIMMERMANN, H., NOBLE, S. & HOLLAND, J.G., 2002. Palaeozoic terrane amalgamation in Central Europe: a REE and Sm-Nd isot ope study of the pre-Variscan Variscan basement, NE Bohemian Massif. In: Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C., Verniers, J. (Eds.), Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe. Geological Society London, Special Publications, 201: 157-176.
• DE PAOLO, D.J., 1981a. Neodymium isotopes in the Colorado Front Range and crust - mantle evol ution in the Proterozoic. Nature, 291: 193-196.
• DE PAOLO, D.J., 1981b. A Nd and Sr isotopic study of Meso-zoic calc-alkaline batholiths of the Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges, California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86: 10370-10488.
• DOMEĆKA, K., 1970. Predvariske granitoidy Zapadnich Sudet. [Pre-Variscan granitoids of the West Sudeten]. Sbornik Geologickych Ved, rada G 18: 161-191.
• DUTHOU, J.L., COUTURIE, J.P., MIERZEJEWSKI, M.P. & PIN, C., 1991. Oznaczenia wieku granitu Karkonoszy metodą izochronową, rubidowo-strontową, na podstawie całych próbek skalnych. [Next dating of granite sample from the Karkonosze Mount ains usi ng Rb-Sr tot al rock isochrone method]. Przegląd Geologiczny, 36: 75-79.
• EBERT, H., 1943. Des Granitische Grundgebirge der östlichen Lausitz. Preisschriften, gerkrönt und herausgegeben von der Fürstlich Jablonowskischen Gesselschaft zu Leipzig, 58: 119 pp.
• FLOYD, P.A. & LEVERIDGE, B.E., 1987. Tectonic environment of the Devonian Gramscatho basin, south Cornwall: framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 144:531-542.
• GEHMLICH, M., LINNEMANN, U., TICHOMIROWA, M., LÜTZNER, H. & BOMBACH, K., 1997. Die Bestimmung des Sedimentation salters cadomischer Krustenfragmenteim Saxothuringikum durch die Einzzelzircon - Evaporatios methode. Terra Nostra, 5: 46-49.
• GROMET, L.P., DYMEK, R.F., HASKIN, L.A. & KOROTEV., 1984. The "North American Shale Composite": its compilation, major and trace element characteristics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48: 2469-2482.
• HASKIN, L.A., HASKIN, M.A., FREY, F.A. & WILDEMAN, T.R., 1968. Relative and absolute terrestrial abundances of the rare earths. In: Ahrens, L.H. (Ed.), Origin and Distribution of the Elements, Pergamon Press. 889-911.
• HERRON, M.M., 1988. Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 58: 820-829.
• HOFMANN, A.W., 1988. Chemical differentiation of the Earth: the relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 80: 297-314.
• KEMNITZ, H., 2007. The Lausitz graywackes, Saxo-Thuringia, Germany - Witness to the Cadomian orogeny. In: Linnemann, U., Nance, R.D., Kraft, P., & Zulauf, G. (Eds.), The Evolution of the Reic Ocean: From Avalonian-Cadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian-Variscan Collision. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 423: 97-141.
• KODYM, O. & SVOBODA, J., 1948. Kaledonska prikrovova stavba Krkonoś a Jizerskych hor. [Caledonian nappe structure of the Karkonośe Mts. and the Jizerske Hory Mts]. Sbornik Statniho Geologickeho Ustavu CSR, 15: 109-80
• KORYTOWSKI, A., DÖRR, W. & ŻELAŹNIEWICZ, A 1993. U-Pb dati ng of (meta) granitoids in the NW Sudetes (Poland) and their bearing on tectono-stratigraphic correlation. Terra Abstracts, 5: 331-332.
• KOZDRÓJ, W., 2003. Ewolucja geotektoniczna krystaliniku Wschodnich Karkonoszy. [Geotectonic evolution of the East Karkonosze crystalline complex]. In: Ciężkowski, W., Wojewoda, J. & Żelaźniewicz, A. (Eds.), Sudety Zachodnie: od wendu do czwartorzędu, WIND, Wrocław: 67-80.
• KOZDRÓJ, W., CYMERMAN, Z., KACHLIK, V. & OPLETAL, M., 2001. Karkonosze-Jizera Region. In: Kozdrój, W., Krentz, O. & Opletal, M. (Eds.), Com ments on the Geological Map Lausitz-Jizera-Karkonosze (without Ceno-zoic sedtments) 1:100 000. Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie/Bereich Boden und Geologie, Freiberg; Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warszawa; Ćesky geologicky ustav, Praha. Warszawa, 64pp. 22-27.
• KOZŁOWSKI, K., 1974. Łupki krystaliczne i leokogranity pasma Stara Kamienica - Świeradów-Zdrój. [Crystalline schists and leucogranites of the Stara Kamienica - Świeradów Zdrój Belt]. Geologia Sudetica, 9: 7-100.
• KRÖNER, A., HEGNER, E., HAMMER, J., HAASE, G., BIELICKI, K-H., KRAUSS, M. & EIDAM, J., 1994. Geochronology and Nd-Sm systemati cs of Lusatian granitoids: signifi c ance for the evol ut ion of the Variscan orogen in east-central Europe. GeologischeRundschau, 83: 357-376.
• KRÖNER, A., JAECKEL, P., HEGNER, E. & OPLETAL, M., 2001. Single zircon ages and whole-rock Nd isotopic systemati cs of early Palaeozoic granitoid gneisses from the Czech and Polish Sudetes (Jizerske hory, Krkonośe Mountains and Orlice-Sneżnik Complex). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90: 304-324.
• KRYZA, R. & MAZUR, S., 1995. Cont rasti ng metamorphic paths in the SE part of the Karkonosze-Izera Block (Western Sudetes, SW Poland). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 169: 157-192.
• KRYZA, R. & PIN, C., 1997. Cambrian/Ordovician magmatism in the Poli sh Sudetes: no evi dence for subduction-re-lated setting. Terra Nova 7: 144.
• KUSIAK, M. A., DUNKLEY, D. J., SŁABY, E., BUDZYŃ, B. & MARTIN, H., 2008a. U-Pb chronology of zircon from granites of the Karkonosze Pluton, NE Bohemian Massif. 4th SHRIMP Workthop - Abttract Volume, June 29-July 4, 2008, VSEGEI, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 78-80.
• KUSIAK, M. A., DUNKLEY, D. J., SŁABY, E., BUDZYŃ, B. & MARTIN, H., 2008b. Metasomatized Zircon in Equigranular Granite from the Karkonosze Pluton, NE Bohemian Massif. In: Harlov, D. & Broska, I. (Eds.), Mineral Equilibria, Metasomatism and Mass Transport: Evolution and Stabilisation of Rock on a Fluid-Rich World. Proceedings from MIMET 2008 Workshop, Smolenice, Slovak Republic, April 8th - 10th, Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 87-90.
• LARIONOV, A.N., ANDREICHEV, V.A. & GEE, D.G., 2004. The Vendian alkaline igneous suite of northern Timan: ion microprobe U-Pb zircon ages of gabbros and syenite. In: Gee D.G., Pease V.L. (eds). The Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen of Eastern Baltica. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 30: 69-74.
• LIEW, T.C. & HOFMANN, A.W., 1988. Precambrian crustal components, plutonic associations, plate environment of the Hercynian Fold Belt of Central Europe: Indic at ions from a Nd and Sr isotopic study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 98: 129-138.
• LINNEMANN, U., MCNAUGHTON, N.J., ROMER, R.L., GEHMLICH, M., DROST, K. & TONK, C., 2004. West African provenance for Saxo-Thuringia (Bohemian Massif): Did Armorica ever leave pre-Pangean Gondwana? - U/Pb-SHRIMP zircon evidence and the Nd-isotopic record. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93: 683-705.
• LINNEMANN, U. & ROMER, R.L., 2002.The Cadomian orogeny in Saxo-Thuringia, Germany: geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic characterisation of marginal basins with constraints to geotectonic setting and provenance. Tectono-p hysics, 352: 33-64.
• LUDWIG, K.R., 2005a. SQUID 1.12 A User's Manual. A Geo-chronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, pp 1-22, http://www.bgc.org/klprogrammenu.html
• LUDWIG, K.R., 2005b. User's Manual for ISOPLOT/Ex 3.22. A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geo-chronology Center Special Publication, pp 1-71, http://www.bgc.org/klprogrammenu.html
• MACHOWIAK, K & ARMSTRONG, R., 2007. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age from the Karkonosze granite. Mineralogia Polonica (Special Papers), 31: 193-196.
• MARHEINE, D., KACHLIK, V., MALUSKI, H., PATOCKA, F. & ŻELAŹNIEWICZ, A., 2002. The 40Ar/39Ar ages in the West Sudetes (NE Bohemian Massif): constraints on the Variscan polyphase tectonothermal development. In: Winchester, J.A., Pharaoh, T.C, Verniers, J. (Eds.), Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 201: 133-155.
• MAYER, W., MOCHNACKA, K. & JANCZYSZYN, J., 1996. Preliminary report on the REE distribution in tin-bearing schists of the Stara Kamienica schist belt (the Sudety Mts., Po land). Mineralogia Polonica, 27: 25-37.
• MAYER, W., MOCHNACKA, K. & JANCZYSZYN, J., 1997. REE and trace elements in the schists of Stara Kamienica schist belt, Gierczyn area, SW Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, 28: 69-86.
• MAZUR, S., 1995. Strukturalna i metamorficzna ewolucja wschodniej okrywy granitu Karkonoszy w południowej części Rudaw Janowickich i Grzbiecie Lasockim. [Structural and metamorphic evol ut ion of the count ry rocks at the eastern contact of the Karkonosze granite in the southern Rudawy Janowickie Mts and Lasocki Range]. Geologia Sudetica, 29: 31-98.
• MAZUR, S. & ALEKSANDROWSKI, P., 2001. The Tepla(?)/Saxothuringian suture in the Karkonosze-Izera Massif, Western Sudetes, Central European Variscides. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90: 341-360.
• MAZUR, S. & KRYZA, R., 1996. Superimposed compressional and extensional tect oni cs in the Karkonosze-Izera Block, NE Bohemian Massif. In: Oncken O. and Janssen C. (Eds.), Basement Tectonics 11, Europe and Other Regions. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Basement Tectoni cs, held in Potsdam, Germany, July 1994. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 51-66.
• MCLENNAN, S.M., TAYLOR, S.R. & HEMMING, S.R., 2006. Composition, differentiation, and evolution of continental crust: constraints from sedimentary rocks and heat flow. In: Brown, M. & Rushmer, T., (Eds.), Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust. Cambridge University Press, 92-134
• . MIERZEJEWSKI, M.P. & OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., 1990. The Izera-Karkonosze Block and its tectonic development (Sude-tes, Pol and). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie and Palaóntologie Abhandlungen, 179: 197-222.
• NAKAMURA, N., 1974. Det erminat ion of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38: 757-775.
• NUTMAN, A.P., BENNETT, V.C., FRIEND, C.R.L. & NORMAN, M.D., 1999. Meta-igneous (non-gneissic) tonalites and quartz-diorites from an extensive ca. 3800 Ma terrain south of the Isua supracrustal belt, southern West Greenland: constraints on early crust formation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 137: 364-388.
• OBERC, J., 1972. Budowa geologiczna Polski, t. IV, Tektonika 2, Sudety i obszary przyległe (in Polish only). Wydawnictwa Geologiczne. Warszawa, pp. 307
• OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., 1966. Kontakt krystaliniku izerskiego z paleozoikiem kaczawskim w okolicach Lubomierza. [Contact of the Isera Mts crystalline massif with the Kaczawskie Mts Palaeozoic in the regions of Lubomierz]. Z geologii Ziem Zachodnich. PWN Wrocław, 139-167.
• OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., 1988. Rozwój gnejsów i granitów wschodniej części krystaliniku izerskiego w świetle badań tekstury. [The development of gneisses and granites in eastern part of the Izera crystall ine unit in the light of textural investigations]. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 997, Prace Geologiczno-Mineralogiczne, 13: 1-184.
• OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., 2003. Granity izerskie: próba odtworzenia przeddeformacyjnej historii. [The Izera granites: an attempt at reconstructing the predeformational history]. In: Ciężkowski, W., Wojewoda, J. & Żelaźniewicz, A. (Eds.), Sudety Zachodnie: od wendu do czwartorzędu, WIND, Wrocław, 41-52.
• OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., KRYZA, R., MOCHNACKA, K. & LARIONOV, A., 2010. Ordovician passive continental margin magmatism in the Central-European Variscides: U-Pb zircon data from the SE part of the Karkonosze-Izera Massif, Sudetes, SW Poland. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 99: 27-46.
• OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T. & OBERC, J., 1972. Wspólne elementy serii łupków proterozoicznych w bloku izerskim, wschodnich Karkonoszach i Górach Kaczawskich. [Common nasure in the Proserozoic schist sesies of the Izera Block, Eastern Karkonosze and the Góry Kaczawskie]. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 259: 93-152.
• OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., PIN, C. & KRYZA, R. 2005. Early Palaeozoic crustal melti ng in an extensional setting: petrological and Sm-Nd evidence from the Izera granite-gneisses, Polish Sudetes. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94: 354-368.
• OLIVER, G.J.H., CORFU, F. & KROGH, T.E., 1993. U-Pb ages from SW Pol and: evi dence for a Cale donian sut ure zone between Baltica and Gondwana. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150: 355-369.
• PETTIJOHN, F.J., POTTER, P.E. & SIEVER, R., 1972. Sand and Sandstone, Springer-Verlag New York, 618pp.
• PIN, C., KRYZA, R., OBERC-DZIEDZIC, T., MAZUR, S., TURNIAK, K. & WALDHAUSROVA, J., 2007. The diversity and geodynamic signifi cance of Late Cambrian (ca. 500 Ma) felsic anorogenic magmatism in the northern part of the Bohemian Massif: a review based on Sm-Nd isotope and geoc hemi c al data. In: Linnemann, U., Nance, R.D., Kraft, P. & Zulauf, G. (Eds.), The Evotution of the Rheic Ocean: From Avalonian-Cadomian Active Margin to Alle-ghanian-Variscan Collision. Geological Society of America Special Papers: 423: 209-229.
• PIN, C., MIERZEJEWSKI, M.P. & DUTHOU, J.L., 1987. Wiek izochronowy Rb/Sr granitu karkonoskiego z kamieniołomu Szklarska Poręba Huta oraz oznaczenie stosunku inicjalnego 87Sr/86Sr w tymże granicie. [Isochronous age Rb/Sr of Karkonosze granste from the quarry Szklarska Poręba Huta and significance of initial 87Sr/86Sr in this granite]. Przegląd Geologiczny, 35: 512-517.
• PIN, C. & SANTOS ZALDUEGUI, J.F., 1997. Sequential sepa-24 T. OBERC-DZIEDZIC et al.ration of light rare earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks. Analytica ChimicaActa, 339: 79-89.
• SESTON, R., WINCHESTER, J.A., PIASECKI, M.A.J., CROWLEY, Q.G. & FLOYD, P.A., 2000. A structural model for the western-central Sudetes: a deformed stack of Variscan thrust sheets. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157: 1155-1167.
• SMULIKOWSKI, W., 1972. Petrograficzne i strukturalne problemy północnej okrywy granitu Karkonoszy. [Petrogenetic and structural problems of the northern cover of the Karkonosze granite]. Geologia Sudetica, 6: 97-188.
• SMULIKOWSKI, W., 1999. Metabasic rocks of the Rudawy Janowickie and Lasocki Range - their significance in the study of metamorphic evol ut ion of the East Karkonosze Complex (West Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif). Archiwum Mineralogiczne, 52/2: 211-274.
• STACEY, J,S. & KRAMERS, J.D., 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 26: 207-221.
• STEIGER, R.H. & JÄGER, E., 1977. Subcommission on geot chronology: convention on the use of decay conttants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36: 359-362.
• TAYLOR, S.R. & MCLENNAN, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution: An Examination of the Geochemical Record Preserved in Sedimentary Rocks. Black-well Scientific Publications, 312pp.
• TAYLOR, S.R. & MCLENNAN, S.M., 1995. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics, 33: 241-265.
• TEISSEYRE, J.H., 1973. Skały metamorficzne Rudaw Janowickich i Grzbietu Lasockiego. [Metamorphic rocks of the Rudawy Janowickie and Lasocki Range]. Geologia Sudetica, 8: 7-120.
• THOMPSON, R.N., 1982. Magmatism of the Briti sh Tertiary Volcanic Province. Scottish Journal of Geology, 18: 49-107.
• WEDEPOHL, K.H., HEINRICHS, H. & BRIDGEWATER, D., 1991. Chemical characteristics and genesis of the quartz-feldspathic rocks in the Archean crust of Greenland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107: 163-179.
• WIEDENBECK, M., ALLÉ, P., CORFU, F., GRIFFIN, W.L., MEIER, M., OBERLI, F., VON QUADT, A., RODDICK, J.C. & SPIEGEL, W., 1995. Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter, 19: 1-23.
• WILLIAMS, I.S., 1998. U-Th-Pb Geochronology by ion microprobe. In: McKibben, M.A., Shanks, W.C.P., & Ridley, W.I. (Eds), Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes. Reviews in Economic Ge-ol ogy, 7: Society of Economic Geologists, 1-35.
• ŻELAŹNIEWICZ, A., 1994. Ductile shear zones versus amphi-bolitized basic dikes within the Izera gneisses: fragment of a pass ive margin stretchi ng from Lusatian to West Sudetes. Terra Abstracts, 3: 108-111.
• ŻELAŹNIEWICZ, A. & ALEKSANDROWSKI, P., 2008. Regionalizacja tektoniczna Polski - Polska południowo-zachodnia. [Tectonic subdivision of Poland: southwestern Poland]. Przegląd Geologiczny, 56/10: 904-911.
• ŻELAŹNIEWICZ, A., NOWAK, I., ACHRAMOWICZM S. & CZAPLIŃSKI, W., 2003. Północna część bloku karkonosko-izerskiego: historia pasywnej krawędzi terranu Saksoturyngii. [The northern part of the Izera-Karkonosze block: a passive margin of the Saxothuringian Terrane]. In: Ciężkowski, W, Wojewoda, J. & Żelaźniewicz, A. (Eds.), Sudety Zachodnie: od wendu do czwartorzędu. WIND, Wrocław, 17-32
• ŻELAŹNIEWICZ, A., DÔRR, W., BYLINA, P., FRANKE, W., HAAK, U., HEINISCH, H., SCHASTOK, J., GRANDMONTAGNE, K. & KULICKI, C., 2004. The eastern continuation of the Cadomian Orogen: U-Pb zircon evidence from Saxo-Thuringian granitoids in south-western Poland and the northern Czech Republic. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93: 773-781.