Eutrophication problems and their potential solutions in the artificial shallow lake Altmuhlsee (Germany)

• Autorzy: Schrenk-Bergt Ch. , Kraule D. , Prawitt O. , Lewandowski J. , Steinberg Ch.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Lake Altmühlsee in Middle Franconia, Germany, was constructed as part of a water transportation system and flooded in 1986 by River Altmühl. Supply of nutrient rich water resulted in a hypertrophic state characterized by low Secchi depth (<0.5 m in summer). Massive blooms of phytoplankton in summer were mainly caused by cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa) and by chlorophytes (Oocystis ssp., Monoraphidium ssp., Planktosphaeria gelatinosa), respectively. Fish assemblage was characterized by the dominancie of planktivorous bream. Hence, zooplankton community mostly consisted of small-bodied cladocerans due to predation pressure by fish. Investigations of the phosphorus (P) cycle of Lake Altmühlsee revealed high P-turnover rates in the water body and at the immediate sediment-water interface, an outstanding importance of external P-load, and a minor importance of the internal P-load. The lake supports recreational and social functions which, however, are restricted due to the low water quality. Improvement of water quality is necessary to increase attractiveness. Our study presents some proposals for an effective and economically justifiable water quality management, especially, biomanipulation in accordance to the holder of the fishing rights and local establishment of macrophytes.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nutrient loading; internal P-turnover; food chain; biomanipulation; restoration; shallow lake

• Wydawca: Institute of Geological Science Polish Academy of Science
• Czasopismo: Studia Quaternaria
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: Vol. 21
• Strony: 73--86
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 92 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Schrenk-Bergt Ch.

• Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries, POB 850119, D-12561 Berlin, Germany

autor

Kraule D.

• Wasserwirtschaftsamt Ansbach, POB 1862, D-91509 Ansbach, Germany

autor

Prawitt O.

• Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries, POB 850119, D-12561 Berlin, Germany
• Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft Rheinland-Pfalz, POB 3024, D-55020 Mainz, Germany

autor

Lewandowski J.

• Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries, POB 850119, D-12561 Berlin, Germany

autor

Steinberg Ch.

• Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries, POB 850119, D-12561 Berlin, Germany

Bibliografia

• Annadotter H., Cronberg G., Aagren R., Lundstedt B., Nilsson P.-Å. 1999. Multiple techniques for lake restoration. Hydrobiologia 395/396, 77–85.
• Arndt H. 1993. Rotifers as predators on components of a microbial web (Bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates) – a review.Hydrobiologia 255/256, 231–246.
• Barko J.W., James W.F. 1998. Effects of submerged aquatic macrophytes on nutrient dynamics, sedimentation, and resuspension. In Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Søndergaard M., Christoffersen K. (eds.), The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes, 197–216. Springer Verlag, New York.
• Berg P., Risgaard-Petersen N., Rysgaard S. 1998. Interpretation of measured concentration profiles in sediment pore water. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 1500–1510.
• Blindow I., Andersson G., Hargeby A., Johansson S. 1993. Longterm pattern of alternative stable states in two shallow eutrophic lakes. Freshwater Biology 30, 159–167.
• Bohl E. 1979. Mechanismen der Nahrungsselektivität planktivorer Cypriniden. Dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 103 S.
• Brönmark C., Vermaat J. 1998. Complex fish-snail-epiphyton interactions and their effects on submerged freshwater macrophytes. In Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Søndergaard M., Christoffersen K. (eds.), The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes, 47–68. Springer Verlag, New York.
• Brooks J.L., Dodson S.I. 1965. Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. Science 150, 28–35.
• Carpenter S.R., Olson M., Cunningham P., Gafny S., Nibbelink N., Pellett T., Storlie C., Trebitz A., Wilson K. 1998. Macrophytes structure and growth of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): design for a multilake experiment. In Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Søndergaard M., Christoffersen K. (eds.), The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes, 217–226. Springer Verlag, New York.
• Cyr H., Curtis J.M. 1999. Zooplankton community size structure and taxonomic coomposition affects size-selective grazing in natural communities. Oecologia 118, 306–315.
• de Bernardi R., Giussani G. (eds.) 1995, Guidelines of lakemanagement 7: Biomanipulation in lakes and reservoirs management. ISBN 4-906356-15-X.
• DeMott W., Gulati R.D. 1999. Phosphorus limitation in Daphnia: evidence from a long term study in three hypereutrophic Dutch lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 46, 1871–1880.
• Diehl S., Kornijów R. 1998. Influence of submerged macrophyteson trophic interactions among fish and macroinvertebrates. In Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Søndergaard M., Christoffersen K. (eds.), The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes, 24–46. Springer Verlag, New York.
• Eckerrot Å., Pettersson K. 1993. Pore water phosphorus and iron concentrations in a shallow, eutrophic lake – indications of bacterial regulation. Hydrobiologia 253, 165–177.
• Einsle U. 1993. Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida und Cyclpoida. In Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 8/4-1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
• Ettl H., Gärtner G. 1988. Chlorophyta II (Tetrasporales, Chlorococcales, Gloedendrales). In Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heyning H., Mollenhauer D. (eds.), Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 10. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
• Flössner D. 2000. Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden.
• Flössner D. 1972. Kiemen- und Blattfüßer, Branchipoda, Fischläuse, Branchiura. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
• Geitler L. 1985. Die Algen (Cyanophyceae). In Rabenhorst L. (ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora 14. Koeltz Scientific Books.
• Gulati R.D., DeMott W.R. 1997. The role of food quality for zooplankton: remarks on the state-of-art, perspectives and priorities. Freshwater Biology 38, 753–768.
• Gulati R.D., van Donk E. 2002. Lakes in the Netherlands, their origin, eutrophication and restoration: state-of-art review. Hydrobiologia 478, 73–106.
• Hansson L.-A., Annadotter H., Bergman E., Hamrin S.F., Jeppesen E., Kairesalo T., Luokkanen E., Nilsson P.-Å., Søndergaard M, Strand J. 1998. Biomanipulation as an application of foodchain theory: constraints, synthesis, and recommendations for temperate lakes. Ecosystems 1, 558–574.
• Harper D. Brierley B., Ferguson A.J.D., Phillips G. (eds.) 1999. The ecological basis of lake and reservoir management. Hydrobiologia 395/396, 469 pp.
• Hesslein R.H. 1976. An in situ sampler for close interval pore water studies. Limnology and Oceanography 21, 912–914.
• Hölker F. 1999. Bioenergetik dominanter Fischarten (Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) und Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) in einem eutrophen See Schleswig-Holsteins – Ökophysiologie und Individuen-basierte Modellierung. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 129 S.
• Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1983. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. 7. Teil, 1. Hälfte (Chlorophyceae, Ordnung Chlorococcales). In Thienemann A. (ed.), Die Binnengewässer 16. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
• Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1968. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. 3. Teil (Cryptophyceae, Chloromonadophyceae, Dinophyceae). In Thienemann A. (ed.), Die Binnengewässer 16, 2. Auflage. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
• Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1955. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. 4. Teil (Euglenophyceae). In Thienemann A. (ed.), Die Binnengewässer 16. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
• Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1942. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. 2. Teil, 2. Hälfte (Diatomeen). In Thienemann A. (ed.), Die Binnengewässer 16. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
• Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1941. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. 2. Teil, 1. Hälfte (Chrysophyceen, Farblose Flagellaten, Heterokonten). In Thienemann A. (ed.), Die Binnengewässer 16. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
• Hülsmann S., Weiler W. 2000. Adult, not juvenile mortality as a major reason for the midsummer decline of a Daphnia population.Journal of Plankton Research 22, 151–168.
• Hupfer M., Gächter R., Giovanoli R. 1995. Transformation of phosphorus species in settling seston and during early diagenesis. Aquatic Sciences 57, 305–324.
• Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Jensen J.P., Mortensen E., Sortkjær O. 1996. Fish-induced changes in zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton.Along-term study in shallow hypertrophic Lake Søbygaard. Journal of Plankton Research 18, 1605–1625.
• Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Mortensen E., Kristensen P., Riemann B., Jensen H.J., Müller J.P., Sortkjær O., Jensen J.P., Christofferssen K., Bosselmann S., Dall E. 1990. Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic temperate lakes 1: cross-analysis of three Danish case-studies. Hydrobiologia 200/201, 205–218.
• Jepsen N., Beck S., Skov C:, Koed A. 2001. Behaviour of pike (Esox lucius L.) >50 cm in a turbid reservoir and in a clearwater lake. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 10, 26–34.
• Kohmann F., Steinberg C. 1982. Asplanchna priodonta – ein Räuber frisst auch Pflanzennahrung. Mikrokosmos 71, 359–361.
• Kufel L., Prejs A., Rybak J.I. 1997 (eds.). Shallow lakes ‘95 – Trophic cascades in shallow freshwaters and brackish lakes. Hydrobiologia 342/343, 416 pp.
• Kurmayer R. 2001. Competitive ability of Daphnia under dominance of non-toxic filamentous cyanobacteria. Hydrobiologia 442, 279–289.
• Lammens E.H.R.R. 1999. The central role of fish in lake restoration and management. Hydrobiologia 395/396, 191–198.
• Lammens E.H.R.R., van Nes E.H., Mooij W.M. 2002. Differences in the exploitation of bream in three shallow lake systems and their relation to water quality. Freshwater Biology 47, 2435– 2442.
• Lauridsen T.L., Pedersen L.J., Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M. 1996. The importance of macrophyte bed size for cladoceran composition and horizontal migration in a shallow lake. Journal of Plankton Research 18, 2283–2294.
• Leu E., Krieger-Liszkay A., Goussias C., Gross E. 2002. Polyphenolic allelochemicals from the aquatic angiosperm Myriophyllum spicatum L. inhibit photosystem II. Plant Physiology 130, 2011–2018.
• Lewandowski J., Rüter K., Hupfer M. 2002. Two-dimensionalsmall-scale variability of pore water phosphate in freshwaterlakes: Results from a novel dialysis sampler. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 2039–2047.
• Lewandowski J., Schadach M., Hupfer M. Two-dimensional small-scale heterogeneity of pore water phosphate concentrations in sediments with and without macrozoobenthos: In-situ study in Lake Arendsee (Germany). Hydrobiologia, submitted.
• Lewandowski J. 2002. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss seeinterner Verfahren auf die Phosphor-Diagense in Sedimenten. Dissertation, HU Berlin, Institut für Biologie, 230 S. (dochost.rz.huberlin. de/dissertationen/lewandowski-joerg-2002-12-06/ PDF /Lewandowski.pdf).
• Lijklema L. 1977. The role of iron in the exchange of phosphate between water and sediment. In Golterman H. (ed.), Interactions between sediments and freshwater, 313–317. Junk Publ. The Hague.
• Mehner T., Benndorf J., Kasprzak P., Koschel R. 2002. Biomanipulation of lake ecosystems: successful applications and expanding complexity in the underlying science. Freshwater Biology 47, 2453–2465.
• Meijer M.-L. 2000. Biomanipulation in the Netherlands. 15 years ofexperience. Ph.D. Thesis University of Wageningen, 206 pp.
• Meijer M.-L., De Haan M.W., Breukelaar A.W., Buiteveld H. 1990. Is reduction of benthivorous fish an important cause of hightransparency following biomanipulation in shallow lakes? Hydrobiologia 200/201, 303–315.
• Meijer M.-L., Jeppesen E., Van Donk E., Moss B., Sheffer M.,Lammens E., van Nes E., van Berkum J.A., de Jong G.J., Faafeng B.A., Jensen J.P. 1994. Long-term response to fishstock reduction in small shallow lakes – interpretation of five-year results of four biomanipulation cases in the Netherlands and Denmark. Hydrobiologia 275/276, 457–466.
• Mikulski A. 2001. The presence of fish induces the quick release of off spring by Daphnia. Hydrobiologia 442, 195–198.
• Moss B. 1990. Engineering and biological approaches to the restoration from eutrophication of shallow lakes in which aquatic plant communities are important components. Hydrobiologia 200/201, 367–377.
• Moss B., Carvalho L., Plewes J. 2002. The lake at Llandrindod Wells – a restoration comedy? Aquatic Conservation of Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 12, 229–245.
• Moss B., Kornijow R., Measy G.J. 1998. The effects of nymphaeid (Nuphar lutea) density and predation by perch (Perca fluvia-tilis) oh the zooplankton communities in a shallow lake. Freshwater Biology 39, 689–697.
• Moss B., Madgwick J., Phillips G. 1996b. A guide to the restoration of nutrient-enriched shallow lakes. Broads Agency, EU Life Programme, Norwich.
• Moss B., Stansfield J., Irvine K., Perrow M., Phillips G. 1996a. Progressive restoration of a shallow lake: a 12-year experiment in isolation, sediment removal and biomanipulation. Journal of applied Ecology 33, 71–86.
• Ohle W. 1938. Die Bedeutung der Austauschvorgänge zwischen Schlamm und Wasser für den Stoffwechsel der Gewässer. Vom Wasser 13, 87–97.
• Olin M., Rask M., Ruuhijjärvit J., Kurkilahti M., Ala-Opas P., Ylönen O. 2002.Fish community structure in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes of southern Finland: the relative abundance of percids and cyprinids along a trophic gradient. Journal of Fish Biology 60, 593–612.
• Ozimek T., Gulati R., van Donk E. 1990. Can macrophytes be useful in biomanipulation of lakes? The lake Zwemlust example. Hydrobiologia 200/201, 399–407.
• Peltonen H., Ruuhijjärvit J., Malinen T., Horppila J., Olin M., Keto J. 1999. The effect of food-web management on fish assemblage dynamics in a northern temperate lake. Journal of Fish Biology 55, 54–67.
• Perrow M.R., Jowitt A.J.D., Stansfield J.H., Phillips G.L. 1999. The practical importance of the interactions between fish, zooplankton and macrophytes in shallow lake restoration. Hydrobiologia 395/396, 199–210.
• Perrow M.R., Meijer M.-L., Dawidowicz P., Coops H. 1997. Biomanipulation in shallow lakes: state of the art. Hydrobiologia 342/343, 355–365.
• Psenner R., Pucsko R., Sager M. 1984. Die Fraktionierung organischer und anorganischer Phosphorverbindungen von Sedimenten Versuch einer Definition ökologisch wichtiger Fraktionen. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement 70, 111–155.
• Psenner R., Pucsko R. 1988. Phosphorus fractionation: advantagesand limits of the method for the study of sediment P origins andinteractions. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Beihefte 30, 43–59.
• Ruttner-Kolisko A. 1972. Rotatoria. In Elster H.-J., Ohle W. (eds.),Das Zooplankton der Binnengewässer 1. Teil. Die Binnengewässer26/1. 99–234. E. Schweizerbart Verlagsbuchhandlung,Stuttgart.
• Schatz P. 1997. Populationsdynamik und Einnischung von zwei eingeschleppten,koexistierenden Daphnien-Arten. Diplomarbeit,Universität Ulm.
• Scheffer M. 1990. Multiplicity of stable states in freshwater systems.Hydrobiologia 200/201, 475–486.
• Scheffer M. 1998. Ecology of shallow lakes. Chapman, Hall, London.
• Scheffer M., Hosper S.H., Meijer M.-L., Moss B., Jeppesen E. 1993. Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 275–279.
• Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Foley J.A., Folke C., Walker B. 2001. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413, 591–696.
• Schriver P., Bøgestrand J., Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M. 1995. Impact of submerged macrophytes on fish-zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions: large-scale enclosure experiments in a shallow eutrophic lake. Freshwater Biology 33, 255–270.
• Skov C., Berg S. 1999. Utilization of natural and artificial habitats by YoY pike in a biomanipulated lake. Hydrobiologia 408/409, 115–122.
• Skov C., Perrow M.R., Berg S., Skovgaard H. 2002, Changes in the fish stock community and water quality during seven years of stocking piscivorous fish in a shallow lake. Freshwater Biology 47, 2388–2400.
• Ślusarczyk M. 1997. Impact of fish predation on a small-bodied cladoceran: limitation or stimulation? Hydyrobiologia 342/342, 215–221.
• Søndergaard M. 1988. Seasonal variations in the loosely sorbed phosphorus fraction of the sediment of a shallow and hypereutrophic lake. Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 11, 115–121.
• Søndergaard M., Jensen J.P., Jeppesen E. 1999. Internal phosphorus loading in shallow Danish lakes. Hydrobiologia 408/409, 145–152.
• Søndergaard M., Jensen J.P., Jeppesen E. 2003. Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, in press.
• Søndergaard M., Windolf J., Jeppesen E. 1996. Phosphorus fractions and profiles in the sediment of shallow Danish lakes as related to phosphorus load, sediment composition and lake chemistry. Water Research 30, 992–1002.
• Stansfield J.H., Perrow M.R., Tench L.D., Jowitt A.J.D., Taylor A.A.L. 1997. Submerged macrophytes as refuges for grazing Cladocera against fish predation: observations on seasonal changes in relation to macrophyte cover and predation pressure. Hydrobiologia 342/343, 229–240.
• Stephen D., Moss B., Phillips G. 1998. The relative importance of top-down and bottom-up control of phytoplankton in a shallow macrophyte-dominated lake. Freshwater Biology 39, 699– 713.
• StMLU 2000. Wasser für Franken – “Die Überleitung”. BayerischesStaatsministerium für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen,Schriftenreihe “Wasserwirtschaft in Bayern”, Heft 34, 101 pp.
• Ulrich K.-U. 1997. Effects of land use in the drainage area on phosphorus binding and mobility in the sediments of four drinkingwater reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 245, 21–39.
• Utermoehl H. 1958. Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie 9, 1–38.
• Van den Berg M.S., Coops H., Meijer M.-L., Scheffer M., Simons J. 1998. Clear water associated with a dense Chara vegetation in the shallow and turbid lake Veluwemeer, The Netherlands. In Jeppesen E., Søndergaard M., Søndergaard M., Christoffersen K. (eds.), The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes, 339–352. Springer Verlag, New York.
• van Donk E., Gulati R.D. 1995. Transition of a lake to turbid state six years after biomanipulation: mechanism and pathways. Water Science and Technology 32, 197 – 206.
• van Nes E.H., Scheffer M., van den Berg M.S., Coops H. 2002. Dominance of charophytes in eutrophic shallow lakes – when should we expect it to be an alternative stable state? Aquatic Botany 72, 275–296.
• Vollenweider R., Kerekes J. 1982. Eutrophication of waters, monitoring, assessment and control. OECD, Paris.
• von Elert E. 2002. Determination of limiting polyunsaturated fatty acids in Daphnia galeata using a new method to enrich food algae with single fatty acids. Limnology and Oceanography 47, 1764–1773.
• Wacker A., Becher P. von Elert E. 2002. Food quality effects of unsaturated fatty acids on larvae of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Limnology and Oceanography 47, 1242–1248.
• Walz N., Nixdorf B. (eds.) 1999. Shallow Lakes, 1998: Trophic interactions in shallow water and brackish water bodies. Hydrobiologia 408/409, 394 pp.
• Weisner S.E.B., Strand J.A., Sandsten H. 1997. Mechanisms regulating abundance of submerged vegetation in shallow eutrophic lakes. Oecologia 109, 592–599.
• Zhang J.J., Jørgensen S.E., Beklioglu M., Ince O. 2003. Hysteresis in vegetation shift – Lake Mogan prognoses. Ecological Modeling 164, 227–238.