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ABSTRACT: In recent years, an increase in interest in hybrid constructed wetland systems (HCWs) has been observed. These systems are composed of two or more filters with different modes of sewage flow. Based on over eight years of monitoring, carried out at five local HCWs located in the Pomerania Region of Northern Poland, the effective removal of organic matter (from 74.9 to 95.5% COD) in the loading range 1.5-17.0 g CODźm-2źd -1 was confirmed. Efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) removal varied from 23.4 to 79.2%. The most effective removal of TN (2.0 g.m -2.d-1) occurred in the system with vertical flow compartments with intermittent loadings.
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27--36
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Bibliogr. 17 poz., tab., wykr.
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Bibliografia
- [1]. Polish standards with respect to limits for discharged sewage and environmental protection for 8 July 2004 (Dz.U. No. 168, item 1763) and 24 July 2006 (Dz.U. No. 137, item 984)
- [2]. Czyzyk, F., (2003) Ochr. Środ., 25 (2), p. 57;
- [3]. Sadecka, Z., (2003) Ochr. Środ., 25 (1), p. 13;
- [4]. Koszelnik, P., (2007) Environ. Prot. Eng., 33 (2), p. 157;
- [5]. Kayser, K., Kunst, S., Fehr, G., Voermanek, H., (2001) Nitrification in Reed Beds Capacity and Potential Control Methods, pp. 126-138., World Water Congress, IWA, Berlin, Germany, October;
- [6]. Cooper, P., The performance of vertical flow constructed wetland systems with special reference to the significance of oxygen transfer and hydraulic loading rates (2004) Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, p. 153., Avignon, France;
- [7]. Brlx, H., Arias, C.A., Johansen, N.-H., (2003) Experiments in A Two-Stage Constructed Wetland System: Nitrification Capacity and Effects of Recycling on Nitrogen Removal, Wetland-Nutrient, Metal and Mass Cycling, p. 237., J. Vymazal (Ed.), Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands;
- [8]. Gajewska, M., Tuszyńska, A., Obarska-Pempkowiak, H., (2004) Polish J. Environ. Studies, 13, p. 149;
- [9]. Langergraber, G., (2007) Sci. Total Environ., 380, p. 210;
- [10]. Sardon, N., Salas, J.J., Pidre, J.R., Cuenca, I., Vertical and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in the experimental plant of Carrion de Los Céspedes (Seville) (2006) Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, p. 729;
- [11]. Kinsley, C.B., Crolla, A.M., Kuyucak, N., Zimmer, M., Lafleche, A., Nitrogen dynamics in a constructed wetland system treating landfill leachate (2006) Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, p. 295;
- [12]. Platzer, C., Mauch, K., Evaluations concerning soil clogging in vertical flow reed beds. Mechanisms, parameters, consequences and solutions (1996) Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Wetland System for Water Pollution Control, 4, p. 2., Universitaet für Bandenkutur Wien and International Association on Water Quality, Vienna;
- [13]. Platzer, C., Design recommendations for subsurface flow constructed wetlands for nitrification and denitriflcation (1998) Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Wetland System for Water Pollution Control, 253., Ch. 4. Design of Wetland Systems Brazil;
- [14]. Müller, V., Lützner, K., (1999) Silting-treatment Plant, Gaz, Woda i Techn. Sanit., 9, p. 1., (transl, into Polish);
- [15]. Obarska-Pempkowiak, H., Gajewska, M., Recent development in wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands in Poland Modern Tools and Methods of Water Treatment for Improving Living Standards, 48, pp. 279-307., A. Omelchenko (Ed.), Part IV. Earth and Environmental Series, Springer, The Netherlands;
- [16]. Alvarez, J.A., Ruzi, I., Gomez, M., Sotom, P.J., (2006) Biores. Techn., 97 (14), p. 1640;
- [17]. Puigagut, J., Salvadó, H., García, J., (2007) Ecol. Eng., 29, p. 280
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BPW8-0019-0038