Rejony wykonalnych rozdziałów homogenicznych mieszanin trójskładnikowych

• Autorzy: Królikowski L. J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Feasible separation regions for homogeneous ternary mixtures

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W procesie syntezy sekwencji kolumn rektyfikacyjnych niezbędne jest narzędzie do szybkiej identyfikacji rejonów wykonalnych rozdziałów, tzn. zbiorów reprezentujących skład możliwych do uzyskania produktów dla zadanego surowca. Rejony wykonalnych rozdziałów mieszanin azeotropowych były rozważane w wielu pracach (ich wyniki omówiono w monografii), lecz kompletne rozwiązanie w przypadku trójskładnikowej, homogenicznej mieszaniny azeotropowej zawierającej granice destylacyjne nie zostało do tej pory znalezione. W monografii podano nowy, ogólny sposób konstrukcji rejonu wykonalnych rozdziałów dla wszystkich podstawowych kształtów linii destylacyjnych. Rozważania oparte są na zależnościach pomiędzy różnymi rodzajami zbiorów składu produktów oraz na szczegółowej analizie brzegu jednego z nich, który jest kluczowym elementem w konstrukcji rejonu wykonalnych rozdziałów. Na tej podstawie, stosując model geometryczny kolumny rektyfikacyjnej pracującej w stanie ustalonym, określono związki pomiędzy wartościami parametrów operacyjnych i parametrów kolumny oraz poszczególnymi elementami tworzącymi brzeg rejonu wykonalnych rozdziałów. Dokonano identyfikacji poszczególnych elementów tego brzegu oraz uogólniono pojęcie limitu destylacyjnego (podano matematyczne zależności opisujące go oraz sformułowano algorytm jego wyznaczania), które zapewnia poprawność konstrukcji dla różnego rodzaju skraplaczy i wyparek oraz różnych stanów termodynamicznych surowca. Opierając się na otrzymanej konstrukcji, sformułowano algorytm wyznaczania rejonów wykonalnych rozdziałów dla mieszanin azeotropowych i zeotropowych, uwzględniający nakładanie się obszarów destylacyjnych oraz możliwość przekraczania granic destylacyjnych.

EN

The work presents a new method for finding feasible separation region for non-ideal ternary mixtures. The method is valid for all Serafimov's classes of mixture except for class 3.1-3a, but such mixture is not found in real world until now. The method may be used for distillation column equipped with partial or total condenser and partial or total reboiler. Feed stream may be saturated liquid, saturated vapor or a mixture of vapor and liquid being in equilibrium. A possibility of crossing distillation boundaries is taken into account. Computer simulations were used to verity the method. An algorithm for determining feasible separation regions is formulated also. The method is based on analysis of product composition sets defined for different suites of constant operating and column parameters. The analysis showed that one of product composition set, namely a fixed distribution set, is basic element of feasible composition region. A border structure of fixed distribution set has determined also. Elements of the border are connected to some limiting working modes of distillation column. Geometric considerations, based on geometric model of distillation column and the shape of distillation lines, allows determining relative location of the border elements of fixed distribution set to some kind of feed distillation lines. It enabled to study, how the change of column parameters influence fixed distribution set and next to establishes that feasible separation region consists of two fixed distribution sets for rectifier and stripper with infinite number of theoretical stages. Some border elements of fixed distribution set, which are connected to sloppy splits, were not known until now. They have been called generalized distillation limit. Their mathematical relations have been founded and algorithm for their determining has been formulated. Generalized distillation limit depends on thermodynamic state of the feed, condenser type and stripper type. It is important element of the method for finding feasible separation region. It can intersect distillation boundary. In such case, distillation boundary does not demarcate two distillation regions. It means, distillate and bottom compositions may be located in two different distillation regions outside their common area. It creates possibilities for new solutions of separation processes. The behavior of composition profiles for azeotropic mixtures has been studied. Relations between different pairs of distillation boundaries in the mixture have been founded. An algorithm determining primary distillation regions has been formulated. It take into account overlapping of distillation regions and is valid for all Serafimov's classes of mixture except for class 3.1-3a. It is used in algorithm for finding feasible separation region.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

granica destylacyjna; krzywe pozostałości; linie destylacyjne; rektyfikacja; azeotrop; kolumna półkowa; kolumna wypełniona

EN

distillation columns; distillation lines; rectification; azeotrope; retail column; filled column

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Wydziału Chemicznego Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Monografie
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Nr 8, nr 8
• Strony: 175--175
• Opis fizyczny: s., Bibliogr. 114 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Królikowski L. J.

• Wydział Chemiczny, Politechnika Wrocławska, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław,

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