Odzysk ciepła w procesie termicznej utylizacji odpadów medycznych

• Autorzy: Bujak J. W.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Heat recovery in medical waste thermal utilization systems

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Przedstawiono możliwości odzyskiwania energii cieplnej podczas procesu spalania odpadów medycznych oraz służący temu układ instalacji doświadczalnej, jego badania, ich wyniki, analizy i uogólnienia. Badaniami objęto układ rzeczywisty zbudowany m.in. do celów doświadczalnych w Szpitalu Onkologicznym w Bydgoszczy. Badano i analizowano zagadnienia dotyczące zwłaszcza: o strumienia energii cieplnej użytecznej odzyskiwanej w postaci pary nasyconej, o strumienia energii dodatkowej (gazu ziemnego) dostarczonej do układu w celu należytego przebiegu procesu utylizacji, o sumarycznej straty strumieni energii, o sprawności energetycznej układu. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań oraz bilansów strumieni energii i masy rozpatrywanego układu opracowano model obliczeniowy do wyznaczania strumieni energii cieplnej użytecznej oraz dodatkowej. Posłużył on do analizy i weryfikacji otrzymanych wyników eksperymentalnych i ich uogólnienia. Przeanalizowano ponadto efekty stosowania badanego układu w aspektach: o energetycznym - określanie strumienia energii cieplnej odzyskanej i strumienia energii dodatkowej do procesu spalania oraz sprawności energetycznej układu, które mogą także służyć do budowania algorytmów sterowania jego pracą, o ekonomicznym - wyprowadzone formuły umożliwiają przeprowadzenie analizy opłacalności inwestycji oraz optymalizację jej analiz ekonomicznych, o ekologicznym - zmniejszenie zużycia paliw kopalnianych, a w związku z tym zmniejszenie emisji zanieczyszczeń i dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery (i zmniejszenie przez to niekorzystnego wpływu tzw. efektu cieplarnianego), Wykazano zgodność wyników otrzymanych za pomocą funkcji regresji wyznaczonej na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań doświadczalnych i modelu obliczeniowego. Podane równania, opisujące związek między strumieniem masy spalanych odpadów medycznych a jednostkowym strumieniem energii użytecznej, jednostkowym strumieniem energii dodatkowej, sumaryczną stratą strumieni energii oraz sprawnością energetyczną układu, można zatem uznać za miarodajne do posługiwania się przez badaczy i praktyków. Praca może być wykorzystana do prowadzenia dalszych badań układów termicznej utylizacji odpadów z odzyskiem ciepła zlokalizowanych w miejscu ich powstawania, czyli także w innych - niż szpitale - obiektach tworzących duże ilości odpadów.

EN

The paper outlines the possibilities of thermal heat recovery in medical waste incineration process, describes an experimental system used for that purpose and presents a study of the system, results of the study, its analyses and generalizations. The study was carried out for an existing system developed, inter alia for the experimental purpose, at the Oncology Hospital in Bydgoszcz. In particular, the study and the analysis were concerned with: o heat usable energy flux recovered as saturated steam, o secondary energy flux (natural gas) supplied to the system to facilitate the waste utilization process, o total energy flux loss, o system energy efficiency. On the basis of the study results and energy flux and weight balances for the analyzed system, a computational model was developed for determining usable heat energy and secondary energy flux. The model was used to analyze and verify the empirical results obtained and their generalization. Furthermore, the effects of using the said system were analyzed in relation to the following: o energy - description of recovered heat energy flux and secondary energy flux for the incineration process and energy efficiency of the system, which may be also used for creating algorithms controlling its operation, o cost-effectiveness - formulas introduced enable an analysis of investment profitability and an optimization of its economic analyses, o environmental protection - a reduced consumption of fossil fuels and consequently a reduced emissions of atmospheric pollution and carbon dioxide (resulting in reduction of so-called greenhouse effect). The results obtained with the use of a regression function formulated on the basis of empirical study matched those obtained with the use of the calculation model. The equations given, describing the relationship between flux of incinerated medical waste and unitary flux of usable energy, unitary flux of secondary energy, total loss of energy fluxes as well as energy efficiency of the system, may be considered reliable as regards their application by both researchers and practitioners. This study may be used for further analysis of waste thermal utilization systems with heat recovery built within facilities - not necessarily hospitals - where considerable amounts of waste are produced.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

inżynieria środowiska; odzysk energii cieplnej; odpady medyczne; termiczna utylizacja odpadów; spalanie odpadów szpitalnych

EN

medical wastes; heat recovery; thermal utylization; environment engineering

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Ochrony Środowiska Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Monografie
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 89, nr 54
• Strony: 128--128
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 150 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Bujak J. W.

• Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych, Oddział w Bydgoszczy, ul. Rumińskiego 6, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Przedsiębiorstwo Projektowo-Montażowe PROMONT, ul. Jagiellońska 35, 85-097 Bydgoszcz,

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