The effect of a support material on the nitrification rate in biofilm reactors

• Autorzy: Kowalski E. , Mazierski J. , Suschka J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The nitrification process in a Packed Bed Biofilm Reactor (PBBR) was investigated. The inert and carbonaceous materials were tested as the support materials. The results proved the feasibility of nitrification at pH value below 5.0. On the inert support material the bicarbonates and ammonia concentrations decreased simultaneously, but when the bicarbonates present in the bulk liquid were exhausted, the nitrification ceased. For the alkaline support media, the alkalinity in bulk liquid decreased to almost zero, but the carbonaceous support materials (marble, dolomite and Dofiltr™) react with the protons and buffer the system inside biofilm. If the marble or other carbonaceous support materials are used, the packed bed material due to dissolution controls the pH inside the fixed biofilm. In reactors, the mean residence time and the Peclet number were measured. On the basis of two models (dispersion model and reactors in series model) the nitrification constant rates in reactors were estimated.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

alkalinity; biofilm; biofilters; denitrification; marble; nitrification; packed beds; pH effects

PL

biofilm; biofiltr; alkaliczność; denitryfikacja; marmur; nitryfikacja; efekt pH; wypełnienie kolumny; bioreaktory

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Environment Protection Engineering
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 36, nr 2
• Strony: 45--61
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 35 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalski E.

autor

Mazierski J.

autor

Suschka J.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze,

Bibliografia

• [1] ANTHONISEN A.C., LOEHR R.C., PRAKASAM T.B.S., SRINATH E.G., Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid, J. W.P.C.F., 1976, 48, 835–852.
• [2] ARAKI N., YAZAWA K., HARADA H., Quantitative monitoring of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in PVA-immobilized pellets by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) (in Japanese), J. Jpn. Soc. Water Environ., 1999, 22, 600–607.
• [3] BIESTERFELD S., FARMER G., FIGUEROA L., PARKER D., RUSSELL P., Quantification of denitrification potential in carbonaceous trickling filters, Wat. Res., 2003, 37, 4011–4017.
• [4] BURGHARDT A., ZALESKI T., Longitudinal dispersion at small and large Peclet numbers in chemical flow reactors, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1968, 23, 575–591.
• [5] CHEM M., SYU M., Theoretical analysis on the biofilm reactors, J. Chin. Inst.Chem. Engrs., 2003, 34, 643–653.
• [6] ELGETI K., A new equation for correlating a pipe flow reactor with a cascade of mixed reactors, Chemical Engineering Science, 1996, 51 (23), 5077–5080.
• [7] GONZALES-MARTINEZ S., DUQUE-LUCIANO J., Aerobic submerged biofilm for wastewater treatment, Wat. Res., 1992, 26, 825–834
• [8] GRADY C.P.L., LIM J.H.C., Biological Wastewater Treatment. Theory and Application, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, 1980.
• [9] GREEN M., RUSKOL Y., LAHAV O., TARRE S., Chalk as the carrier for nitrifying biofilm in a fluidized bed reactor, Wat. Res., 2001, 35, 284–290.
• [10] GREEN M., RUSKOL Y., SHAVIV A., TARRE S., The effect of CO2 concentration on a nitrifying chalk reactor, Wat. Res., 2002, 36, 2147–2151.
• [11] GREEN M., RUSKOL Y., TARRE S., LOEWENTHAL R.S., Nitrification utilizing CaCO3 as the buffering agent, Environ. Technol., 2002a, 23, 303–308(6).
• [12] GUJER W., BOLLER M., Design of a nitrifying tertiary trickling filter based on theoretical concepts, Wat. Res., 1986, 20, 1353–1362.
• [13] HIBIYA K., TSUNEDA S., HIRATA A., Formation and characteristics of nitrifying biofilm on a membrane modified with positively-charged polymer chains, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2000, 18, 105–112.
• [14] KOWALSKI E., LEWANDOWSKI Z., Nitrification process in a packed bed reactor with a chemically active bed, Wat. Res., 1981, 17, 157–166.
• [15] KRAMERS H., ALBERTA G., Frequency response analysis of continuous flow system, Chemical Engineering Science, 1953, 2, 173–181.
• [16] LEVENSPIEL O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, 2nd edition, Wiley, New York, 1972.
• [17] LEVENSPIEL O., SMITH W.K., Notes on the diffusion-type model for the longitudinal mixing of fluids in flow, Chemical Engineering Science, 1957, 6, 267–285.
• [18] LEWANDOWSKI Z., Nitrification process in activated sludge with suspended marble particles, Wat. Res., 1985, 19, 535–539
• [19] LIU Y., CAPDEVILLE B., Specific activity of nitrifying biofilm in water nitrification process, Wat. Res. 1996, 30, 1645–1650.
• [20] MATSUMURA M., YAMAMOTO T., WANG P.C., SHINABE K., YASUDA K., Rapid nitrification with immobilized cell using macro-porous cellulose carrier, Wat. Res., 1997, 31, 1027–1034.
• [21] OKABE S., SATOH H., WATANABE Y., In situ analysis of nitrifying biofilms as determined by in situ hybridization and the use of microelectrodes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1999, 65, 3182–3191.
• [22] SIEGRIST H., GUJER W., Demonstration of mass transfer and pH effects in a nitrifying biofilm, Wat. Res., 1987, 21, 1481–1489.
• [23] Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 16th edition, APHA. AWWA, WPCF, New York, 1985.
• [24] SZWERINSKI H., ARVIN E., HARREMOËS P., pH-decrease in nitrifying biofilms, Wat. Res., 1986, 20, 971–976.
• [25] TARRE S., GREEN M., High-rate nitrification at low pH in suspended- and attached-biomass reactors, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2004, 70, 6481–6487.
• [26] THOMAS H.A., McKEE J.E., Longitudinal mixing in aeration tanks, Sewage Works Journal, 1944, 16(1), 42–55.
• [27] THÖRN M., MATTSSON A., SÖRENSSON F., Biofilm development in a nitrifying trickling filter, Wat. Sci. Techn., 1996, 34, 83–89.
• [28] VILLAVERDE S., GARCIA-ENCINA P.A., FDZ-POLANCO F., Influence of pH over nitrifying biofilm activity in submerged biofilters, Wat. Res., 1997, 31, 1180–1186.
• [29] WETT B., ELADAWY A., BECKER W., Carbonate addition – An effective remedy against poor activated sludge settling properties and alkalinity conditions in small wastewater treatment plants, Water Sci. Techn., 2004, 48, 411–417.
• [30] WIK T., Rational transfer function models for nitrifying trickling filters, Water Sci. Tech., 1999, 39, 121–128.
• [31] WIK T., Trickling filters and biofilm reactor modelling, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2003, 2, 193–212.
• [32] WIK T., GÖRANSSON E.E., BREITHOLTZ C., Low model order approximations of continuously stirred biofilm reactors with Monod kinetics, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006, 30, 16–25.
• [33] WILLIAMSON K, McCARTY P.L., Verification studies of the biofilm model for bacterial substrate utilization, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 1976, 48, 281–296.
• [34] YAGI S., MIYAUCHI T., On the residence time curves of the continuous reactors, Kagaku Kogaku, 1953, 17, 382–386.
• [35] ZHU S., CHEN S., The impact of temperature on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters, Aquacultural Engineering, 2002, 26, 221–237.