Informacja przestrzenna w naukach o Ziemi

• Autorzy: Ney B.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Spatial information in the earth sciences

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

In official classification of sciences in Poland, covering 17 fields of science and 80 scientific disciplines, Earth sciences . as a field of science . comprise four disciplines: geophysics, geography, geology and oceanography. Geodesy and cartography as a discipline belongs in this classification to the field of technical sciences, but in fact its important part is related to Earth sciences. Other disciplines like architecture, urban studies, building, mining, engineering geology, environmental engineering and transportation are also partly related to these sciences. In the structure of the Polish Academy of Sciences, comprising seven departments, geodesy and cartography belongs to the Department of Earth and Mining Sciences, but other, numerous scientific disciplines are also related to spatial information systems (GIS). This is a bilateral relation: these disciplines use geoinformation systems in their studies and at the same time contribute to their creative development. Geoinformation integrates spatial studies. Main problems and applications of geoinformatics can be characterized from a discipline point of view as follows: Geophysics . characteristics and location of physical features of rock formations of the Earth, especially important for studies of global, regional and local dynamics; examination of causal-consecutive relations between centers of seismic phenomena in rock mass and their effects in top layers of the Earth.s crust / Earth surface; documentation of seismic and microseismic hazards, Geology . information systems concerning geological structure of top layer of the Earth.s crust; inventory and monitoring of underground waters and deposits of geological raw materials; monitoring of hazards induced by geology, especially those caused by mass surface movements, Geography . analyses of complex natural, demographic, social and economic processes appearing on Earth surface, covering large areas and mapped in small scales; spatial studies having diagnostic and forecasting character, indispensable for conducting proper policy of spatial management at various levels: continental, euroregional, country, regional and local level, Oceanography . information systems related to studies of physics, chemistry, biology and dynamics of seas and oceans; investigations of sea-land interactions, important from research and practical point of view (e.g. threats and safety of coastal zones and water reservoirs); studies of phenomena and dynamics of changes in polar regions, Geodesy . creating . jointly with geography . spatial information systems and generally reference information, necessary for modern geoinformation; studies of Earth dynamics as a globe, studies of vertical and horizontal movements of the Earth.s crust at local and regional scale; creating and maintaining local and regional geographic information systems, which fulfill research and practical functions, Mining . geoinformation systems are applied in deep mining, open-mining and drilling mining; they are developed scientifically for their specific needs and conditions, mainly for deposit management (active cooperation with deposit, exploratory and engineering geology) and for keeping safety in mines, Civil and water engineering uses mainly GIS for spatial planning, spatial management and water management; these sectors participate in the studies of geographical space and in developing thematic geographic information systems, Ecology, protection of environment and environmental engineering . these spheres of public activity, being at the same time important elements of natural sciences and technical sciences, actively participate in scientific development of geoinformation, mainly through their contribution to creating thematic information systems and through usage of these systems in scientific spatial studies and in monitoring of environment, especially natural one and its components.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

informacja przestrzenna; nauki o Ziemi; integracja; narzędzie badań

EN

spatial information; Earth sciences; integration; method of research; tool of research

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Informacji Przestrzennej
• Czasopismo: Roczniki Geomatyki
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: T. 5, z. 6
• Strony: 119--124
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 1 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Ney B.

• Instytut Geodezji i Kartografii oraz Wydział Nauk o Ziemi i Nauk Górniczych PAN,

Bibliografia

• Ney B., współpraca: Ciołkosz A., Gaździcki J., Graniczny M., Kotlarczyk J., Linsenbarth A., 2007: Systemy informacji przestrzennej w naukach o Ziemi. [W:] Aktualne i perspektywiczne problemy nauk o Ziemi i nauk górniczych, Zbiór materiałów pokonferencyjnych VII Wydziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 9.10 listopada 2004, Warszawa.