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Duck eggs are one of the most versatile cooking ingredients in which residue eggshells are discarded. Raw duck eggshells were calcined at temperatures between 300 to 900 °C, for 1, 3, and 5 h. Both the raw and calcined duck eggshells were characterized by FTIR, STA, XRD, XRF, TEM, BET, a particle size analyzer, and an impedance analyzer. The proper calcination conditions are: 900 °C and 1 h, yielding calcium oxide with a purity of 99.06 % w/w. The calcium carbonate of the rhombohedral form (CaCO3) transforms completely into the calcium oxide or lime of the face centered cubic form (CaO) at 900 °C, as shown by XRD diffraction patterns. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the calcium oxide reveal a moderately good dispersion of nearly uniform particles. The calcium oxide has a white color, a spherical shape, high porosity, and narrow particles size distribution. The percentage of ceramic yield of the calcium oxide is 53.53, as measured by STA (TG-DTA-DTG). The calcium oxide has a N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm indicating the meso-porosity range. The dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity of the calcined calcium oxide are 35 and 1:0-106(W-m)1 , respectively, at the frequency of 500 Hz.
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Tom
Strony
313--322
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- Center for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology and The Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Bibliografia
- [1] THAPON J.L., BOURGEOIS C.M., Lavousier Technique at Documentation, L’Oeuf et les ovoproducts, 1994.
- [2] RIVERA E.M. et al., Mater. Lett., 41 (1991), 128.
- [3] ADEYEYE E.I., Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 23 (2009), 159.
- [4] FREIRE M.N., HOLAND J.N.F., Ceramica ˆ , 52 (2006),240.4.
- [5] WAN X. et al., Mater. Sci. Eng., 25 (2005), 455.
- [6] MEISZTERICS A., SINKO K., Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng., 319 (2008), 143.
- [7] CHRYSAFI R. et al., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27 (2007), 1707.
- [8] SOUTHAM D.C. et al., Curr. Appl Phys., 4 (2004), 355.
- [9] RICHARDSON I.G., Cem. Concr. Res., 38 (2008), 137.
- [10] PARK H.J. et al., J. Environ. Sci., 19 (2007), 1436.
- [11] JONES D., ADAS Consulting Ltd. UK Utilization of egg shell waste from UK egg processing and hatchery establishments, Pigs, Eggs and Poultry Division,DEFRA, Whitehall Place East,London, 2002 (www.defra.gov.uk).
- [12] MURAKAMI F.S., RODRIGUES P.O., Cienc. Technol.Aliment., 27 (2007), 658.
- [13] LU G.Q., ZHAO X.S., Nanoporous Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College Press, 4th editions, 2006.
- [14] CHEN X.D. et al., Trans. I. ChemeE. part C, 77 (1999), 40.
- [15] SU B.L. et al., Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 105(2007), 49.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BPW7-0025-0015