Further enhancement of light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diode with Ag film grown on photonic crystals

• Autorzy: Chen J. , Wang Q. , Li H.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Photonic bandgap of photonic crystals (PCs) and the effect of grating diffraction can be used to improve the extraction efficiency of the light from a light-emitting diode (LED). The transmission of light at certain wavelength through periodic sub-wavelength hole arrays in metal films is extraordinary, because the surface plasmon acts effectively. In this letter, PCs with the square lattice of cylinder unit cells are placed in GaN layer of GaN-based blue LED, and the silver film is plated on PCs. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to investigate the optical transmission; the results show that the extraction efficiency of the PC-assisted LED (PC-LED) is enhanced when the silver film is plated on the PCs under certain conditions. Finally, we use the surface plasmon dispersion relation to analyze the mechanism of antireflection.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

photonic crystal; photonic bandgaps; light-emitting diode; surface plasmon; transmission

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Optica Applicata
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 41, nr 1
• Strony: 51--61
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 27 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Chen J.

autor

Wang Q.

autor

Li H.

• National Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Fabrication Technology, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20

Bibliografia

• [1] DAVID A., BENISTY H., WEISBUCH C., Optimization of light-diffracting photonic-crystals for high extraction efficiency LEDs, Journal of Display Technology 3(2), 2007, pp. 133–148.
• [2] XIANGSU ZHANG, SHOU LIU, YING LIU, XIAOYUN CHEN, HAN LIN, XUECHANG REN, Enhancement of LED light extraction via diffraction of hexagonal lattice fabricated in ITO layer with holographic lithography and wet etching, Physics Letters A 372(20), 2008, pp. 3738–3740.
• [3] BORODITSKY M., KRAUSS T. F., COCCIOLI R., VRIJEN R., BHAT R., YABLPNOVITCH E., Light extraction from optically pumped light-emitting diode by thin-slab photonic crystals, Applied Physics Letters 75(8), 1999, pp. 1036–1038.
• [4] SZYMANSKA M.H., HUGHES A.F., PIKE E.R., Effect of a photonic band gap on the threshold and output power of solid-state lasers and light-emitting diodes, Physical Review Letters 83(1), 1999, pp. 69–72.
• [5] FAN S.H., VILLENEUVE P.R., JOANNOPOULOS J.D., Rate-equation analysis of output efficiency and modulation rate of photonic crystal light-emitting diodes, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 36(10), 2000, pp. 1123–1130.60 JIAN CHEN et al.
• [6] MATTERSON B.J., LUPTON J.M., SAFONOV A.F., SALT M.G., BARNES W.L., SAMUEL I.D.W., Increased efficiency and controlled light output from a microstructured light-emitting diode, Advanced Materials 13(2), 2001, pp. 123–127.
• [7] EBBESEN T.W., LEZEC H.J., GHAEMI H.F., THIO T., WOLFF P.A., Extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength hole arrays, Nature 391(6668), 1998, pp. 667–669
• [8] LEZEC H.J., DEGIRON A., DEVAUX E., LINKE R.A., MARTIN-MORENO L., GARCIA-VIDAL F.J., EBBESEN T.W., Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture, Science 297(5582), 2002, pp. 820–822.
• [9] THIO T., PELLERIN K.M., LINKE R.A., LEZEC H. J., EBBESEN T.W., Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture, Optics Letters 26(24), 2001, pp. 1972–1974.
• [10] QIU M., Photonic band structures for surface waves in structured metal surfaces, Optics Express 13(19), 2005, pp. 7583–7588.
• [11] WEN-HUNG CHUANG, JYH-YANG WANG, YANG C.C., YEAN-WOEI KIANG, Differentiating the contributions between localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton on a one-dimensional metal grating in coupling with a light emitter, Applied Physics Letters 92(13), 2008, p. 133115.
• [12] BARNES W.L., DEREUX A., EBBESEN T.W., Surface plasmon subwavelength optics, Nature 424(6950),2003, pp. 824–830.
• [13] RAGULN D.H., Subwavelength Structured Surfaces: Theory and Application, The University of Rochester, USA, 1993.
• [14] WEN-HUNG CHUANG, JYH-YANG WANG, YANG C.C., YEAN-WOEI KIANG, Numerical study on quantum efficiency enhancement of a light-emitting diode based on surface plasmon coupling with a quantum well, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 20(16), 2008, pp. 1339–1341.
• [15] JIN-A JEONG, HAN-KI KIM, Low resistance and highly transparent ITO–Ag–ITO multilayer electrode using surface plasmon resonance of Ag layer for bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93(10), 2009, pp. 1801–1809.
• [16] SZUNERITS S., CASTEL X., BOUKHERROUB R., Surface plasmon resonance investigation of silver and gold films coated with thin indium tin oxide layers: Influence on stability and sensitivity, Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112(40), 2008, pp. 15813–15817
• [17] PALIK E.D., Handbook of Optical Constants in Solids, Academic, New York, 1998.
• [18] QUONG M.C., ELEZZABI A.Y., Offset-apertured near-field scanning optical microscope probes,Optics Express 15(16), 2007, pp. 10163–10174.
• [19] YONG-JAE LEE, SE-HEON KIM, JOON HUH, GUK-HYUN KIM, YONG-HEE LEE, SANG-HWAN CHO,YOON-CHANG KIM, YOUNG RAG DO, A high-extraction-efficiency nanopatterned organic light-emitting diode, Applied Physics Letters 82(21), 2003, pp. 3779–3781.
• [20] LONČAR M., DOLL T., VUČKOVIĆ J., SCHERER A., Design and fabrication of silicon photonic crystal optical waveguides, Journal of Lightwave Technology 18(10), 2000, pp. 1402–1411.
• [21] ADAWI A.M., KULLOCK R., TURNER J.L., VASILEV C., LIDZEY D.G., TAHRAOUI A., FRY P.W.,GIBSON D., SMITH E., FODEN C., ROBERTS M., QURESHI F., ATHANASSOPOULOU N., Improving the light extraction efficiency of polymeric light emitting diodes using two-dimensional photonic crystals,Organic Electronics 7(4), 2006, pp. 222–228.
• [22] ODER T.N., KIM K.H., LIN Y.J., JIANG H.X., III-nitride blue and ultraviolet photonic crystal light emitting diodes, Applied Physics Letters 84(4), 2004, pp. 466–468.
• [23] NG W.N., LEUNG C.H., LAI P.T., CHOI H.W., Photonic crystal light-emitting diodes fabricated by microsphere lithography, Nanotechnology 19(25), 2008, p. 255302.
• [24] SCHNITZER I., YABLONOVITCH E., CANEAU C., GMITTER T.J., SCHERER A., 30% external quantum efficiency from surface textured, thin-film light-emitting diodes, Applied Physics Letters 63(16),1993, pp. 2174–2176.
• [25] ZHIJUN SUN; DANYAN ZENG, Modeling optical transmission spectra of periodic narrow slit arrays in thick metal films and their correlation with those of individual slits, Journal of Modern Optics 55(10),2008, pp. 1639–1647
• [26] YI-TSUNG CHANG, DAH-CHING TZUANG, YI-TING WU, CHI-FENG CHAN, YI-HAN YE, TING-HSIANG HUNG,YU-FAN CHEN, SI-CHEN LEE, Surface plasmon on aluminum concentric rings arranged in a long-range periodic structure, Applied Physics Letters 92(25), 2008, p. 253111.
• [27] DELBEKE D., BIENSTMAN P., BOCKSTAELE R., BAETS R., Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of dipole emission in periodically corrugated layers: The grating-assisted resonant-cavity light-emitting diode, Journal of the Optical Society of America A 19(5), 2002, pp. 871–880.