Removal/reduction of organic pollutants from aqueous environment

• Autorzy: Sarkar M. , Das M. , Manna S. , Acharya P.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Usunięcie/redukcja zanieczyszczeń organicznych ze środowiska wodnego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The problem of considerable contamination of the aqueous environment with organic pollutants still requires the development of quick and simple methods for the removal, separation and determination of these compounds. The main classes of organic compounds that most of the industries use and discharge into the effluents are phenol, surfactant and dye. All these compounds are troublesome contaminants which pose not only to toxicity and health hazards but also hamper the environmental treatment processes. In chemical industry phenol is considered as an important starting materials for numerous intermediates and finished products. It is used for the production of a wide range of consumer goods and process materials ranging from adhesives, resins, emulsifiers and detergents, plasticizers, herbicides, dyes and flavors. The worldwide production of phenol is estimated to be 5 million tons per year. Phenol and its analogues are known to be toxic to microbes. The sign of acute illness induced by phenols in experimental animals as well as in humans is known. Continuous ingestion of phenol for a prolonged period of time causes mouth sore, diarrhoea, excretion of dark urine and impaired vision at concentration levels 10÷240 ppm. Lethal blood concentration for phenol is around 1.3 g/L. phenols are toxic to several biochemical functions and to fish life. It acts as a substrate inhibitor in the bio-transformation. World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed a concentration 1 ppb as the guideline concentration in drinking water [1]. Disposal of dyeing industry waste water pose one of the major problem, because such effluents contain a number of contaminants including acid or base, dissolve solids, surfactants and color. Out of these, color is the first contaminant to be recognized because it is visible to human eye. The dye causes the harmful action to various aquatic lives. As it is resistant to light it protects the sunlight from penetrating through it and reduces the aesthetic quality of water. Possible methods of color removal include chemical oxidation, froth flotation, coagulation, adsorption, etc. The anionic surfactants generally are removed by the chemical precipitation, foam separation, ultrafiltration and adsorption. Possible means of removal of phenols from waste water include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, chemical oxidation, precipitation, distillation, gas stripping, solvent extraction, adsorption or bio remediation. Removal of SDS, 4-nitrophenol and malachite green by activated carbon is an efficient and acceptable process. But the cost of operation is very high. Therefore, the present study is undertaken using fly ash as the adsorbent. Compared to activated carbon the efficiency of removal is less in case of 4-nitrophenol and SDS. But fly ash, being a waste material, is very cheap; only the carrying cost from the site of thermal plant to the laboratory is needed. Thus the use of fly ash in removing organic pollutants appears to be a cost viable. The simplicity of the technique makes the process quite acceptable.

PL

Obecność organicznych zanieczyszczeń w strumieniu ścieków znacznie degraduje jakość wody. Zarówno własność estetyczne jaki i organizmy wodne stają wobec niebezpieczeństwa związanego z taką degradacją. Usunięcie zanieczyszczeń organicznych szczególnie za pomącą prostych i tanich metod jest wyzwaniem dla naukowców zajmujących się środowiskiem. Obecnie komunikaty naukowe mówią o możliwości zastosowania popiołów lotnych, odpadów stałych powstających w elektrociepłowniach, w usuwaniu albo redukcji ładunków niektórych organicznych zanieczyszczeń. W referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań nad adsorpcją siarczanu dodecylu sodu SDS (anionowy środek powierzchniowo czynny), zieleni malachitowej MG oraz 4-nitrofenolu na popiołach lotnych. Usunięcie SDS, 4-nitrofenolu i zieleni malachitowej na węglu aktywnym jest skutecznym i zadowalającym procesem. Ale koszt tej operacji jest bardzo wysoki. Dlatego, przedsięwzięto obecne badania używając popiołów lotnych jako substancji adsorbująca. W porównaniu do węgla aktywnego efektywność usunięcia na popiołach lotnych jest mniejsza w przypadku 4-nitrofenolu i SDS. Ale popioły lotne, będąc odpadem, są bardzo tanie. W ten sposób użycie popiołów lotnych w usuwaniu organicznych zanieczyszczeń okazuje się być wykonalne pod względem kosztów. Proces jest wykonalny kinetycznie i termodynamicznie, prosty w wykonaniu i tani.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

zanieczyszczenia organiczne wody; adsorpcja siarczanu; jakość wody

• Wydawca: Politechnika Koszalińska
• Czasopismo: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: Tom 5
• Strony: 79--86
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Sarkar M.

• University of Kalyani, India

autor

Das M.

• University of Kalyani, India

autor

Manna S.

• University of Kalyani, India

autor

Acharya P.

• University of Kalyani, India

Bibliografia

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