Plant extracts in protection of strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) against Botrytis cinerea Pers. (Berg.)

• Autorzy: Sas-Piotrowska B. , Piotrowski W.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wyciągi roślinne w ochronie truskawki (Fragaria vesca L.) przed Botrytis cinerea Pers. (Berg.)

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Strawberry is cultivated in Poland on the area of about 50,000 ha, out of which 80% falls to the variety 'SENGA-SENGANA' (Cianciara 1991). It is a variety of low resistance to the infection with Botrytis cinerea Pers. (Berg.) - the fungus causing grey mould. A strong infection of plants caused by the pathogen can result in losses as high as 80%. The pathogen infects all the plant organs, however the most severe impact on the yield has the infection of flowers and the fruit. Rebandel (1988) has observed that the infection of flowers ranging 1÷5% can reduce the fruit yield by 13÷20%, while flower infection ranging 5÷10% results in the yield drop of 17÷30%. Infection of strawberry flowers goes on very quickly, not only at a heavy rainfall. It is also promoted by a high air moisture level as well as night dews. That is why obtaining strawberry yields of good quality can be secured only by proper protective measures. Spraying with chemicals is very common. The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of plant extracts for protection of strawberry against Botrytis cinerea, a fungus causing grey mould. Their activity was compared with fungicides recommended for such treatments. Fighting diseases and pests of strawberry is one of the most basic treatments on a plantation. Plant protection against the fungus Botrytis cinerea is apparently simple because of numerous fungicides on the market recommended in this case. However, considering their phytotoxicity, formation of fungus strains resistant to them, and last but not least environmental issues, a need for alternative solutions for protection of plantations arises. The results have indicated that Sadoplon 75 WP and Thiram-Granuflo 80 WG were the most effective fungicides. However, this finding is in a discrepancy with the results of in vitro studies reported by Machowicz-Stefaniak (1994). The author has found that Sadoplon 75 WP, Sumilex 50 WP, Euparen 50 WP should be included into a fungicide group of poor anti-fungal activity against B.cinerea. The most active ones were Ronilan 50 WP and Rovral 50 WP. According to Meszka and Bielenin (1997) Sumilex 50 WP and Sumico 50 WP are very effective preparations in the protection of strawberry fruit against grey mould. Considering biological effectiveness of the treatment and limiting the possibility of creation of resistant fungal strains Goszczyński (1994) has recommended the use of mixtures of dicarboxymide preparations with Thiram-Granuflo in the ratio 1 : 2. An important problem is also lowering the rates of chemical preparations, what improves the healthiness of edible fruit (Kaniuczuk 1989) and reduced the concentration of pesticide residues (Makosz and Karpiel 1994), especially those which cumulate easily: dichlofluanide (Euparen 50 WP) and iprodione (Rovral 50 WP). The facts mentioned above indicate the need for a complex protection of strawberry plantations comprising chemical, mechanical and biological methods (Żurawicz 1994). One of the latter is utilisation of fungicidal properties of plant extracts (Sas-Piotrowska and Piotrowski 1995). Roughly 85% plants excrete to the environment chemical compounds side-affecting other organisms. Some of them or their synthetic analogues found practical application in plant protection (nicotine, garlic, pyretroids). As has been shown in this study, alcohol extracts from Polygonum persicaria and P.bistorta as well acetone extract from P.aviculare limited the in vitro growth of B.cinerea most efficiently. On the other hand, in the field study alcohol extracts from P.bistorta and P.hydropiper were most active. It corroborates with earlier reports on a high fungicidal activity of P.bistorta (Sas-Piotrowska and Piotrowski 1995, 1996). This plant contains about 25% hydrolysing (derivatives of gallic acid) and non-hydrolysing (derivatives of pyrocatechine) tannins, a high concentration of free phenolic acids, the compounds considered fungal growth inhibitors. Besides, tannins found in this plant have a disinfective activity destroying various bacterial strains (Ożarowki 1976). Results of laboratory experiments were somewhat contradictory to those of field experiments. In the in vitro investigations garlic and nettle extracts strongly inhibited the growth of B.cinerea colonies, while in the in vivo experiments the same extracts were not very active. Therefore, these findings are in a discrepancy with the data of Schmidtke (1995). Some effects of the in vitro activity of the extracts (P.persicaria, P.aviculare, P.bistorta) were similar to those of classic fungicides (Euparen 50 WP). Their activity in the field experiments was lower than that of fungicides used alternatively. However, an important factor is that the extracts tested did not contain any assisting substances, such as stabilisers, synergetics, etc., usually added to classic fungicide preparations.

PL

Celem badań było określenie przydatności wyciągów (wodnych, acetonowych i alkoholowych) sporządzonych z 13 gatunków roślin do ochrony plantacji truskawki (Fragaria vesca L.) przed sprawcą szarej pleśni (Botrytis cinerea Pers. (Berg.). Aktywność in vitro i in vivo wyciągów roślinnych porównywano z aktywnością fungicydów zalecanych do ochrony tej rośliny. Wykazano, że aktywność in vitro wyciągów z Polygonum persicaria (L), P.aviculare (L) i P.bistorta (L) była porównywalna z aktywnością EUPARENU 50 WP. Skuteczność in vivo wyciągów była niższa aniżeli stosowanych przemiennie fungicydów Sadoplon, Sumilex i Euparen. Niniejszy artykuł ukazał się w całości w języku polskim w Roczniku Ochrony Środowiska Tom 3 Rok 2001. W związku z licznymi zapytaniami ośrodków zagranicznych, do których dociera nasze czasopismo i zainteresowaniem pełną treścią tego artykułu, Redakcja postanowiła wydrukować go ponownie w niniejszym Tomie w języku angielskim.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

uprawa truskawki; środki ochrony roślin; ochrona plantacji truskawki

• Wydawca: Politechnika Koszalińska
• Czasopismo: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: Tom 4
• Strony: 545--553
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 14 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Sas-Piotrowska B.

autor

Piotrowski W.

• Technical University of Koszalin Poland