Tytuł artykułu
Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Pełne teksty:
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Sodium tripolyphosphate STPP is used in laundry detergent as a detergent "builder". The paper presents the chemical method of obtaining "heavy", i.e. with higher bulk density granulated sodium tripolyphosphate. The bulk density of sodium tripolyphosphate was increased by preparing a mixture of the dried sodium phosphates, the recycled subgrain of STPP and water in specific proportions and calcining this mixture for 1 hour at 400°C and 550°C (to obtain a proper STPP form) in the chamber kiln. This method allows producing the granular sodium tripolyphosphate with high bulk density (1.04-1.07 kg/dm3) and a high content of Form I or Form II, respectively.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
13--20
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
- Cracow University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, marcinbanach@chemia.pk.edu.pl
Bibliografia
- 1. Commission of the european communities (2007, may). Report from the commission to the council and the european parliament. Pursuant to Article 16 of Regulation (EC) No 648/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on detergents, concerning the use of phosphates. Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/legislation/detergents/reports/com_2007_234_en.pdf
- 2. Tynan, M. & Westwell, J. R. (2007). European Patent No. 1 240 297 B1. Paris, D.C.: European Patent Office.
- 3. Imaizumi, Y., Yamashita, H. & Kubota, T. (2007). European Patent No. 1 534 812 B1. Paris, D.C.: European Patent Office.
- 4. Barthel, W., Duffels, A., Flleccia, S. & Timmann, A. (2007). U.S. Patent No. 2007/0244026 A1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 5. CEEP (2007, July). Function of phosphates in detergents. Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://www.ceep-phosphates.org
- 6. CEEP (2007, August). Phosphates in Automatic Dishwasher Detergents. Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://www.ceep-phosphates.org
- 7. Köhler, J. (2006, May). Detergent Phosphates: an EU Policy Assessment. Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://www.businesschemistry.org/20062.htm
- 8. CEEP. CEEP Press Releases concerning phosphates and detergent wash performance. Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://www.ceep-phosphates.org
- 9. Dall'Acqua, S., Fawer, M., Fritschi, R. & Allenspach, C. (1999, March). Life Cycle Inventories for the Production of Detergent Ingredients. Int. J. LCA 4(4) Retrieved July 14, 2008, from SpringerLink database on the World Wide Web: http://www.springerlink.com. DOI: 10.1007/BF02979499. http://www.springerlink.com
- 10. International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products (2004). A.I.S.E. Laundry Sustainability Project (LSP). Retrieved July 14, 2008, from http://www.aise.eu
- 11. Nitta, H., Yamashita, H. & Salto, J. (2006). U.S. Patent No. 6,992,055 B1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 12. Saouter, E., Van Hoof, G., Pittinger, Ch. A. & Feijtel, T. C. J. (2001). The Effect of Compact Formulations on the Environmental Profile of Northern European Granular Laundry Detergents. Part I: Environmental Risk Assessment. Int. J. LCA. 6(6), 1-10. DOI: 10.1065/lca2001.06.057.1.
- 13. Saouter, E., Van Hoof, G., Feijtel, T. C. J. & Owens, W. (2002). The Effect of Compact Formulations on the Environmental Profile of Northern European Granular Laundry Detergents. Part II: Life Cycle Assessment. Int. J. LCA. 7(1), 27-38. DOI: 10.1065/lca2001.06.057.2.
- 14. Gorlin, P., Zyzyck, L. & Jakubicki, G. (2001). U.S. Patent No. 6,191,089 B1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 15. Krieg, J. (2006). European Patent No. 1 669 438 A1. Paris, D.C.: European Patent Office.
- 16. Hensler, P. I., Church, D. F. & Beger, R. W. (1981). U.S. Patent No. 4,255,274. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 17. Highfill, L. & Lannert, K. (1994). U.S. Patent No. 5294424. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 18. Van Wazer, J. R. (1958). Phosphorus and Its Compounds, New York, USA: Interscience Publishers.
- 19. Marschall, H. L., Alto, P. & Coykendall, J. W. (1967). U.S. Patent No. 3,338,671. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 20. Zorska, E., Cholewa, J., Gadomski, Z. & Olech, M. (2007). Polski Patent No. 196166 B1. Urząd Patentowy Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej.
- 21. Sproul, J. S. & Lapple, W. C. (1969). U.S. Patent No. 3,437,434. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 22. Sproul, J. S., McCarthy, M. J. & Lapple, W. C. (1969). U.S. Patent No. 3,437,433. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 23. Cadwallader, G. W. & Highfill, L. A. (1993). U.S. Patent No. 5,215,731. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- 24. Kowalski, Z., Kijkowska, R., Pawłowska-Kozińska, D. & Wzorek Z. (2002). Sodium Tripolyphosphate and others Condensed Sodium Phosphates Production Methods. Pol. J. Chem. Tech. 4(3), 27-33.
- 25. Polski Komitet Normalizacji, Miar i Jakości (1993). Polska Norma: Metody badań soli fosforowych. Oznaczenie pozostałości na sicie. PN-93/C-84300/26.
- 26. Polski Komitet Normalizacji, Miar i Jakości (1980). Polska Norma: Oznaczanie gęstości nasypowej. PN-80/C-04532.
- 27. Procter & Gamble. Manufacturing Standards - European Operations (1998). Raw material specification. Granular sodium tripolyphosphate, high bulk density. 10072234.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BPS2-0052-0076