Tribological behavior of cast iron and (Ca, Mg)-Sialon under lubrication

• Autorzy: Zhang W. , Liu W. , Yu L. , Kajdas C.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Właściwości tribologiczne żeliwa i (Ca, Mg)-Sialonu w warunkach smarowania

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The tribological properties of Sialon and cast iron lubricated with liquid paraffin containing different AW/EP additives and/or an alcohol were investigated with an SRV test rig. The worn surfaces of (Ca, Mg)-Sialon and cast iron were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As the results, slightly increased friction coefficient is recorded in sliding of Sialon against cast iron lubricated with liquid paraffin containing 2 wt.% sulfurized olefin (SO) at a relatively short test duration, while the friction coefficient decreases to some extent at an extended test duration. The other additives including zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), methanol, decanol, and their combinations have almost no effect on the friction coefficients. Those additives in liquid paraffin almost have no effect on the wear-resistance of Sialon, except that SO as additive increases the wear scar diameter of Sialon considerably and methanol increases the wear scar diameter of Sialon slightly. However, some of the additives including methanol, TCP, SO, and the combination of ZDDP with methanol increase the wear volume loss of cast iron significantly. Synergistic effect between ZDDP and methanol in reducing friction has been observed. It has also been found that the synergy is more significant for ZDDP and 1-decanol in reducing friction and wear of both Sialon and cast iron at long test duration. Moreover, Sialon shows different friction and wear behaviors in sliding against (Ca, Mg)-Sialon as compared with sliding against cast iron. In this case, the order of friction coefficient can be ranked as LP > 2% ZDDP > 2% TCP > 2% SO > 2% ZDDP+2% 1-decanol. A synergism between ZDDP and 1-decanol is also observed in this case. SO provides relatively good antiwear ability at 8ON but very weak antiwear ability at 200 N, which indicates that SO is not a good candidate as an EP additive for Sialon/cast iron and Sialon/(Ca, Mg)-Sialon systems. XPS and SEM analytical results of the worn surfaces indicate that complex tribochemical reactions are involved in Sialon/cast iron and Sialon/(Ca, Mg)-Sialon systems, which account for their different friction and wear behaviors therewith.

PL

Badano właściwości tribologiczne Sialonu i żeliwa smarowanych za pomocą ciekłej parafiny zawierającej różne dodatki AW/EP i/lub alkohol. Powierzchnie tarcia badano za pomocą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej i rentgenowskiej spektroskopii fotoelektronów. Stwierdzono nieznaczny wzrost współczynnika tarcia w przypadku układu sialon-żeliwo smarowanego ciekłą parafiną zawierającą 2% (m/m) siarkowanej olefiny (SO) w stosunkowo krótkim czasie trwania testu, natomiast wydłużenie czasu trwania testu powodowało spadek współczynnika tarcia. Inne dodatki, tj. dialkiloditiofosforan cynku (ZDDP), fosforan, trójkrezylu (TCP), metenol. dekanol i ich kombinacje nie wykazywały prawie żadnego wpływu na współczynnik tarcia. Niektóre dodatki, tj. metanol, TCP, SO i kompozycja ZDDP z metanolem powodowały znaczne zużycie objętościowe żeliwa. Ponadto zaobserwowano efekt synergetycznego działania pomiędzy ZDDP i metanolem w redukcji tarcia. SO wykazywał stosunkowo dobre właściwości przeciwzużyciowe przy obciążeniu 80 N, natomiast bardzo słabe przy obciążeniu 200 N. Wyniki badań XPS i SEM wskazują, iż w układach sialon-żeliwo i sialon/ (Ca, Mg) Sialon zachodzą złożone reakcje tribochemiczne.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

sialon; (Ca, Mg)-Sialon; cast iron; lubrication; friction and wear behaviors

PL

sialon; (Ca, Mg)-Sialon; żeliwo; smarowanie; tarcie; zużycie

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
• Czasopismo: Tribologia
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: nr 6
• Strony: 1037--1052
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Zhang W.

• State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.

autor

Liu W.

• State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.

autor

Yu L.

• State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.

autor

Kajdas C.

• Institute of Chemistry, Warsaw Technical University in Płock, 00-400 Płock.

Bibliografia

• 1.Gates R. and Hsu S.: Silicon nitride boundary Lubrication: Lubrication mechanisms of alcohols, Tribology Transaction, 1995, 38 (3): 645-653.
• 2.Hibi Y. and Enomoto Y.: Lubrication and tribochemical reaction of silicon nitride in lower alcohols. In Proceedings of 3rd Sino-Japan Symposium on Tribology, Lanzhou, China, September 1996.
• 3.Hibi Y., Enomoto Y.: Mechanochemical reaction and relationship to tribological response of silicon nitride in n-alcohol. Wear, 231, 1999, 185-194.
• 4.Kajdas C, Obadi M.: Effect of straight chain alcohols C4-C14 in hexadecane on wear of steel-on-steel tribological elements. In: Proceedings of symposium on lubricating materials and tribochemistry, edited by LSL, 1998, Lanzhou P. R. China, 83-94.(4).
• 5.Zhang W., Liu W., Liu H., Yu L., Xue Q.: Tribological behaviors of (Ca, Mg)-Sialon under lubricating of polyols. Wear, 223, 1998, 143-149.
• 6.Zhang W., Li Y., Zhang J., Liu W., Wang P., Sun W.: Tribological behaviors of (Ca, Mg)-Sialon against steel with the lubrication of alcohols. J. of inorganic materials, 14, 1999, 975-980.
• 7.Lindberg B.J., Hamrin K., Johansson G., Gelius V., Fahlmann A., Nordling C., Siegbahn, K., Phys. Sci., 1, 1970, 286.
• 8.Wei. J., and Xue. Q.: Tribochemical mechanism of Si3N4 with additives. Wear, 162-164, 1993, 1068-1072.
• 9.Swift P. Adventitious carbon-The panacea for energy referencing? Surf. Interface Anal., 4 (2), 1982, 47-51.
• 10.Fluck E. Weber D. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 412, 1975, 47.
• 11.Gaarenstroom S.W., Winograd N., J. Chem. Phys., 67, 1977, 3500.
• 12.Nefedov, V.I., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 25, 1982, 29.
• 13.Wei J., Xue J., Effects of lubricating greases and addtives on the friction and wear properties of ceramics. Wear, 157 (1), 1992, 173-180.
• 14.Studt P. Boundary lubrication: adsorption of oil additives on steel and ceramic surfaces and its influence on friction and wear. Tribo. Inter., 22 (2), 1989, 111-119.
• 15.Jahanmir S. and Fischer T. E.: Friction and Wear of Si3N4 Lubricated by humid air, Water, hexadecane and hexadecane +0.5 percent steric acid. STLE Trans., 31, 1986, 32-43.
• 16.Tanabe, K., Solid acids and bases. Kodansha, Tokyo and Academic Press, New York, 1970.
• 17.Fisher, T. E., Catalysis and surfaces, J. Vac. Sci. and Tech., 11, 1974, 252-259.
• 18.Nakayama, K. and Hashimoto, H., Triboemission of electrons and ions during wear of solids under boundary lubrication with saturated hydrocarbon liquids. Tribology Trans., 38 (3), 1995, 541-548.
• 19.Kajdas, C., Importance of ionic reactive intermediates for lubricant component reaction surfaces. Lubrication Science, 6 (3), 1994, 203-228.
• 20.Kajdas, C., A novel approach to tribochemical reactions: Generalized NI-RAM-HSAB action mechanism. Proceedings of International Tribology Conference, Yokohama 1995; Satyellite Forum on Tribbochemistry, Japanese Society of Tribologists, Tokyo 1995, 31-35.
• 21.Zhang W., Liu W., Yang S., Liu C., Xue. Q.: Investigations of the Friction Mechanisms of SiO2 under Dry Sliding and Lubrication, Tribology, in press. (in Chinese).
• 22.Zhang W., Liu W.: Tribological behaviors of N and/or O-containing lubricants in Lubricating (Ca, Mg)-Sialon, submitted to Lubrication Science.