Condensation - type monomers and tribopolymerizatio

Furey, M.J.; Kajdas, C.; Kempiński, R.; Tripathy, B.S.; Tritt, B.R.; Valentino, J.; Vick, B.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Condensation - type monomers and tribopolymerizatio

Autorzy

Furey M.J. , Kajdas C. , Kempiński R. , Tripathy B.S. , Tritt B.R. , Valentino J. , Vick B.

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

http://t.tribologia.eu

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Monomery procesu polimeryzacji kondensacyjnej i tribopolimeryzacja

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Over 30 years ago, convincing evidence in support of the idea of "in situ" surface polymerization - now referred to as tribopolymerization - as a novel approach to boundary lubrication was obtained, with first results summarized in Wear in 1973. An important class of antiwear compounds, i.e., partial esters of long-chain dimer acids and short-chain glycols, was shown to be remarkably effective in fuels and lubricants. The prime example was the C36 dimer acid/ethylene glycol monoester - a condensation-type monomer. Since then, additional research on tribopolymerization has been carried out in the Tribology Laboratory at Virginia Tech in collaboration with Polish colleagues and several graduate students. This paper (a) reflects on some early research on valve train wear which led indirectly to the idea of "in situ" surface polymerization, (b) summarizes key findings of the initial work on the concept, (c) briefly discusses the importance of surface temperatures in initiating polymerization, (d) describes that part of our more recent research involving condensation-type monomers, and (e) presents an overview of applications of tribopolymerization, including the use of both condensation and addition-type monomers.

Trzydzieści lat temu opublikowano w czasopiśmie Wear (1973) pierwsze wyniki badań wyraźnie wskazujące na przebieg procesu polimeryzacji „in situ" na powierzchni tarcia. Obecnie proces ten odnosi się do tribopolimeryzacji jako nowego sposobu smarowania granicznego. Wykazano, że grupa związków, np. typu częściowych estrów długołańcuchowego dimeru kwasów i krótkołańcuchowych glikoli, stanowi szczególnie efektywne dodatki przeciwzużyciowe do paliw i olejów smarowych. Pierwszym przykładem był monoester dimeru kwasu C36 i glikolu etylenowego, zastosowany jako monomer procesu kondensacji. Od tego czasu prowadzono dodatkowe badania procesu tribopolimeryzacji w Laboratorium Tribologicznym Politechniki Stanowej w Virginii (Virginia Tech) wspólnie z kolegami z Polski i studentami studiów magisterskich i/lub doktorskich. Celem tego artykułu jest (a) przegląd wcześniejszych wyników badań realizowanych na układzie krzywka-popychacz, które bezpośrednio wskazywały na słuszność koncepcji polimeryzacji powierzchniowej „in situ", (b) podsumowanie najważniejszych osiągnięć wcześniejszych prac dotyczących tej koncepcji, (c) krótka dyskusja roli temperatury powierzchni tarcia w inicjowaniu reakcji polimeryzacji, (d) omówienie wyników naszych najnowszych badań związanych z monomerami procesu typu polikondensacji oraz (e) przedstawienie przeglądu możliwości praktycznego zastosowania procesu triboplimeryzacji jako nowego sposobu smarowania granicznego, ujmującego monomery procesu typu kondensacji, jak też i polimeryzacji addycyjnej.

Słowa kluczowe

tribopolymerization autoradiography polycondensation process monomers antibear additives surface temperature

tribopolimerization autoradiografia proces polikondensacji monomery dodatki przeciwzużyciowe temperatura powierzchniowa

Wydawca

Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich

Czasopismo

Tribologia

Rocznik

2003

Tom

nr 1

Strony

19--52

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 39 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Furey M.J.

Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry at Plock, 09-400 Plock, Poland
President, Tribochem International, Ltd., Blacksburg, VA 24060, U. S. A.

autor

Kajdas C.

Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry at Plock, 09-400 Plock, Poland
Vice-President, Tribochem International, Ltd.

autor

Kempiński R.

Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry at Plock, 09-400 Plock, Poland
Vice-President, Tribochem International, Ltd.

autor

Tripathy B.S.

Federal Mogul Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, U. S. A.

autor

Tritt B.R.

E-Core Electronics Cooling, Natural Bridge Station, Virginia 24579, U. S. A.

autor

Valentino J.

U. S. Army TACOM, Detroit, Michigan 48090, U. S. A.

autor

Vick B.

Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry at Plock, 09-400 Plock, Poland

Bibliografia

1. Furey, M. J., Kajdas, C., and Kempiński, R., "Tribopolymerization: I. Surface Temperatures and the Antiwear Action of Condensation-Type Monomers", Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Tribochemistry, Janowice, Poland, 15-17 Sept. 1997, pp. 115-125. Published by the Polish Triboiogy Society and participating universities in Łódź, Kraków, and Płock.
2. Kajdas, C., Furey, M. J., and Kempiński, R., "Tribopolymerization: II NIRAM Applications to the Antiwear Action for Addition-Type Monomers", ibid., pp. 127-139.
3. Furey, M. J., and Kunc, J. F., Jr., "A Radiotracer Approach to the Study of Engine Valve Train Lubrication", Lubrication Engineering, July 1958, pp. 302-309.
4. Furey, M. J., "Film Formation by an Antiwear Additive in an Automotive Engine", ASLE Transactions, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1959), pp. 91-100.
5. Furey, M. J., and Kunc, J. F., "Radioisotopes in Fuel and Lubricant Research", 1959 Fifth World Petroleum Congress, Section X - Paper 6, pp. 1-14.
6. Furey, M. J., "Friction, Wear, and Lubrication", Ind. & Eng. Chem., Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 12-29, March (1969). Also translated into Japanese and appeared in the Journal Hyomen (Surface), Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 174-191 (1970).
7. Furey, M. J., "The Formation of Polymeric Films Directly on Rubbing Surfaces to Reduce Wear", Wear, 26, pp. 369-392, 1973.
8. Vick, B., M. J. Furey, and S. J. Foo, 1991, "Thermal Analysis of Sliding Contact Using a Boundary Integral Equation Method", Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 20(1), pp. 19-40.
9. Vick. B., and M. J. Furey, 2000, "A Basic Study of the Temperature Rise in Sliding Contact with Multiple Contacts", 9th Nordic Symposium on Triboiogy - NORDTRIB 2000, Porvoo, Finland, June 11-14, 2000.
10. Vick, B., L. P. Golan, and M. J. Furey, "Thermal Effects Due to Surface Films in Sliding Contact," Journal of Triboiogy, Vol. 116, pp. 238-246, 1994 (Also presented at the STLE/ASME Triboiogy Conference, New Orleans, Oct. 25-27, 1993).
11. Tripathy, Bhawani S., "A New Approach to Ceramic Lubrication: Tribopolymerization", Ph.D. thesis, Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Virginia, July 1994.
12. Vick. B., M. J. Furey and K. Islandar, "Theoretical Surface Temperatures Generated from Sliding Contact of Pure Metallic Elements", Tribology. International, Vol. 33, pp. 265-272, 2000.
13. Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., "Models of Tribopolymerization as an Anti-Wear Mechanism", Proc. Japan International Tribology Conf., Nagoya, Vol. H, pp. 1089-1094, 1990.
14. Weick, B. L., and Furey, M. J., "Experimental Measurements of Surface Temperature, Friction, and Wear for Nylon 6,6 Composites During Oscillating/Fretting Contact", Friction and Wear of Technology for Advanced Composite Materials, Editor, P. Rohatgi, Published by ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, pp. 143-155, 1994.
15. Tripathy, Bhawani S., and Furey, Michael J., "Tribological behavior of unidirectional graphite-epoxy and carbon-Peek composites", Wear, v. 162-164(1993), pp. 385-396.
16. Furey, M. J., Kajdas, C., Kempiński, R. and Tripathy, B. S., "Effects of Selected Monomers on Wear Reduction of Ceramics and Steel under High Contact Stress Lubrication", in Proc. 4th Int'l Trib. Conf. (AUSTRIB '94), Perth, Western Australia, 11, Dec. 5-8, pp. 741-750, (1994).
17. Kajdas, C., Lafleche, P. M., Furey, M. J., Hellgeth, J. W., and Ward, T. C., "A Study of Tribopolymerization Under Fretting Contact Conditions", Lubrication Science, Kent, England, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 51-89, 1994.
18. Weick, B. L., M. J. Furey and B. Vick, "Surface Temperatures Generated with Ceramic Materials in Oscillating/Fretting Contact", Journal of Tribology, Vol. 116, pp. 260-267, 1994 (Also presented at the STLE/ASME Tribology Conference, New Orleans, Oct. 25-27, 1993.
19. Furey, M. J., B. Vick, S. J. Foo, and B. L. Weick, "A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Surface Temperatures Generated During Fretting", Proceedings of the Japan International Tribology Conference, Nagoya, Oct. 29-Nov. 1, 1990.
20. Ghasemi, H. M. Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., "Surface temperatures and fretting corrosion of steel under conditions of fretting contact", Wear, v. 162-164 (1993), pp. 357-369.
21. Vick, B., M. J., Furey and K. Iskandar, "Surface Temperature and Tribological Behavior of Pure Metallic Elements", Proceedings of the Fifth International Tribology Conference - Austrib '98, Brisbane, Australia, Dec. 6-9, pp. 491-496, 1998.
22. Vick, B., Furey, M. J., and Iskandar, K., "Surface Temperatures Generated by Friction with Ceramic Materials", STLE 54th Annuak Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 23-27, 1999.
23. Furey, M. J., "Infrared Measurements of Surface Temperatures Produced in Tribological Processes", Proc. 3rd. International Tribology Congress, (EUROTRIB-81), Warsaw, Vol. I, pp. 118-139, 21-24 Sept. 1981.
24. Furey, M. J., and Jayaram, S., "Advanced Techniques in Infrared Measurements of Surface Temperatures Produced by Friction", Proc. of the Japan International Tribology Conference, Nagoya, Vol. 11, pp. 1569-1574, 1990.
25. Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., Tribopolymerization as a Lubrication Mechanism for High-Energetic Contacts of Solids", 6th Int'l Tribology Colloq., Technische Akademie Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany, Jan. 12-14, 1988.
26. Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., "Tribopolymerization as a Novel Approach to Ceramic Lubrication", Proc. 4th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines, Goteborg, Sweden, Elsevier,pp. 1211-1218, 10-12 June 1991.
27. Tripathy, B. S., Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., "Mechanism of Wear Reduction of Alumina by Tribopolymerization", Wear, Vol. 181-183, pp. 138-147, 1995.
28. Furey, M. J., Tritt, B. R., Kajdas, C., and Kempiński, R., "Models for Ceramic Lubrication by Tribopolymerization at High Loads and Speeds", presentation at the World Tribology Congress, London, 8-12 September 1997.
29. Furey, M. J., Ghasemi, H., Tripathy, B. S., Kajdas, C., Kempiński, R., and Hellgeth, J. W., "Tribochemistry of the Antiwear Action of a Dimer Acid/Glycol Monoester on Alumina", Tribology Transactions, Vol. 37, pp. 67-74, 1994.
30. Furey, M. J., Kajdas, C., Kempiński, R., and Tripathy, B. S., "Tribopolymerization and the Behavior of Oxygen-Containing Monomers in Reducing Ceramic Wear", Proceedings of the EUROTRIB '93 Congress, Budapest, Hungary, Vol. 2, Aug. 30 - Sept. 2, 1993.
31. Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., "Tribopolymerization: An Advanced Lubrication Concept for Automotive Engines and Systems of the Future", Proceedings, 30th International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation, Florence, Italy, Session on The Motor Vehicle and The Environment - Entering a New Century, pp. 241-249, June 16-19, 1997.
32. Smith, J. C., Furey, M. J., and Kajdas, C., "An Exploratory Study of Yapor-Phase Lubrication of Ceramics by Monomers", Wear, Vol. 181-183, pp. 581-593, 1995.
33. Method for Reducing Friction and Wear of Rubbing Surfaces Using Anti-Wear Compounds in Gaseous Phase, Inventors, Michael J. Furey and Czesław Kajdas, U.S. Patent No. 5,716,911 issued Feb. 10, 1998.
34. Furey, M. J., Tritt, B. R., Kajdas, C., and Kempiński, R., "Lubrication of Ceramics by Tribopolymerization: A Designed Experiment to Determine Effects of Monomer Structure, Load, and Speed on Wear", Preprint No. 99-AM-9, 54th Annual Meeting of STLE, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 23-27, 1999, pp. 1-9.
35. Kempiński, R., Furey, M. J., Kajdas, C., and Tripathy, B. S., "Tribopolymerization: III. Computer Modelling of Monomer/Surface Interactions", 2nd. International Symposium on Tribochemistry, Janowice, Poland, Sept. 15-17, 1997, pp. 141-147.
36. Kajdas, C., Furey, M. J., and Kempiński, R., "New Condensation-type Monomer Combinations as Ashless Antiwear Compositions", paper, NORTRIB 2000, Porvoo, Finland, 11-12 June 2000, vol. 1, pp. 299-310.
37. Wear Reduction Using Cyclic Amide Compounds, Inventors, Michael J. Furey and Czesław Kajdas, U.S. Patent No. 5,851,964 issued December 22, 1998
38. Wear Reducing Compositions and Methods for Their Use, Inventors, Michael J. Furey and Czesław Kajdas, U.S. Patent No. 5,880,072 issued March 9, 1999.
39. Furey, M. J. Kajdas, C., and Kempiński, R., "Applications of the concept of tribopolymerization in fuels, lubricants, metalworking, and 'minimalist' lubrication", 9th Nordic Symposium on Tribology, NORDTRIB 2000, Porvoo, Finland, 11-14 June 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 583-592; also being published in Lubrication Science.

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Bibliografia

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