Wielka Gdynia. Państwowy port i flota morska dorobkiem społeczeństwa Polski międzywojennej

• Autorzy: Zimowski L.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Greater Gdynia. A state port and navy as the achievement of the nation and the national capital of interwar Poland 1920-1939

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

In his retrospective research work the author presents the genesis of the idea and national necessity to build a totally own state marine port and start sea transport with the handling base, trade and services and city base. The limits of the village of Gdynia at the mouth of the Chylonka River were chosen to be the location of the investment. In the years 1920-3939 with the acceptance and effort of all the nation the realisation of the idea exceeded all of the planned estimates. There was a change made in the directions of the Polish foreign trade - from land routes into sea routes. The slogan and projects "Poland at Sea", Gdynia port as an independent gateway into the world for the Polish economy were consequently realised under the management of the government and among others the leading role of Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski and Eng. Tadeusz Wenda, the chief designer and constructor of Gdynia port. Several dozen regular connections and navigation lines, including ocean lines (Gdynia - America Lines GAL), were started with a considerable passenger fleet and modern transatlantic liners (m/s Batory, m/s Piłsudski, m/s Chrobry - together with other ships about 70 thousand BRT tonnage). Simultaneously a PKP (Polish State Railways) trunk railway line Gdynia - Silesia (via Karsznice) for coal transport was built, which shortened the travelling distance. The competitiveness of the modem construction and numerous facilities of Gdynia port resulted in the highest handling amount in the Baltic Sea (in 1938 - about 10 million tons). Together with Gdańsk, which belonged to the Polish duty-free area, in 1938 the turnover reached 20 million tons of cargo. The economical management strategy of the national capital in the conditions of sharp competition with German ports, navigation and railways (generously supported by foreign banks) brought about specific effects in favour of Gdynia; the Polish port took over from the German ports of Bremen, Hamburg and Stettin (Szczecin) the mass cargo of cotton, coal, iron ores, wood as well as package cargo and passenger traffic. Gdynia dominated the export of coal, cereals and wood. Gdynia rose to the rank of a base port in the world navigation. It was the place where some freight rates were established for specific cargo and routes, conflicts were adjudicated by the competent institutions of international arbitration (e.g. cotton); there were stock exchange operations m maritime commerce and transport. Those economic activities went along with engineering, building and architectural projects - in the land and water space and the range of influence of Greater Gdynia. From a village with 900 inhabitants in 1920 it developed into Greater Gdynia city with over 120 thousand citizens.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Gdynia; Kwiatkowski Eugeniusz; port morski; flota morska

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura i Urbanistyka
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: Z. 4
• Strony: 143--160
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 23 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Zimowski L.

• Wydział Architektury, Instytut Architektury i Planowania Przestrzennego Politechniki Poznańskiej