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Zastosowania analityczne inhibicji reakcji enzymatycznych
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The analytical application of inhibition of enzymatic reactions is reviewed. The determination of environmental pollutants, namely: organophosphorus, carbamate and chloroorganic pesticides, heavy metal ions, fluorides and cyanides is described. The determination of pesticides is based mainly on their inhibition action on cholinesterases, while for the determination of heavy metals various enzymes (urease, invertase, xanthine oxidase, peroxidase, glucose oxidase, butyrylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase) are used. For the determination of cyanide its inhibition of mainly cytochrome oxidase and tyrosinase is applied, while fluoride inhibits mainly liver esterase (lipase). Numerous detection techniques were used, e.g. amperometry, potentiometry, spectrophotometry, tluorimetry or thermometry for detection of different substrates as well as products of enzymatic reactions in static and flow conditions. Applied enzymes were used first of all in immobilised form like biosensors or enzyme reactors. The examples of determination of toxic pollutants in environmental (waters, soil extracts, river sediments) and biological (fruits, vegetables, plant extracts, body fluids) samples are given.
Dokonano przeglądu zastosowań analitycznych inhibicji reakcji enzymatycznych. Opisano oznaczanie zanieczyszczeń środowiskowych: pestycydów fosforoorganicznych, karbaminianowych i chloroorganicznych, jonów metali, cyjanków i fluorków. Oznaczanie pestycydów opiera się na inhibicji głównie cholinoesteraz, natomiast do oznaczania metali stosuje się różne enzymy (ureazę, inwertazę, oksydazy ksantyny i glukozy, peroksydażę chrzanową, butyrylocholinosterazę i fosfatazę alkaliczną). Do oznaczania, cyjanków wykorzystuje się głównie inhibicję oksydazy cytochromowej i tyrozynazy, natomiast do oznaczania fluorków - lipazy. Stosuje się różne metody detekcji substratów i produktów reakcji, np. amperometrię, potencjometrię, spektrofotometrię, fluorymetrię, termometrię w warunkach statycznych i przepływowych. Podano przykłady oznaczania toksyn środowiskowych w wodach, ekstraktach gleby, osadach dennych oraz materiale biologicznym (owoce, warzywa, ekstrakty roślinne i płyny ustrojowe).
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
135--158
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 98 poz.
Twórcy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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