Analityka specjacyjna związków cynoorganicznych w próbkach środowiskowych

• Autorzy: Wasik A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Speciation analysis of organotin compounds in environmental samples

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę cyny, jej związków nieorganicznych oraz pochodnych cynoorganicznych. W związły sposób opisano właściwości cyny metalicznej, metody jej produkcji i główne obszary zastosowań. Przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę najważniejszych, z punktu widzenia przemysłu, nieorganicznych związków cyny. Wymieniono ich podstawowe właściwości fizykochemiczne oraz wskazano dziedziny techniki, w których związki te znajdują zastosowanie. Omówiono charakterystykę organicznych pochodnych cyny, będących głównym tematem pracy. Opisano ich specyficzne właściwości i wynikające z nich zastosowania przemysłowe w rolnictwie, produkcji tworzyw sztucznych, syntezie organicznej i przemyśle stoczniowym. Następnie omówiono występowanie, zarówno związków cyny nieorganicznej, jak i pochodnych organicznych, w różnych elementach środowiska. Przedstawiono dane zebrane z różnych źródeł literaturowych, dotyczące stężeń tych substancji w powietrzu, wodzie, osadach dennych, glebach, żywności i organizmach żywych. Na podstawie dostępnych opracowań naukowych omówiono wpływ nieorganicznych i organicznych połączeń cyny na ożywione elementy środowiska. Przedstawiono również historię i stan obecny uregulowań prawnych dotyczących wykorzystania pochodnych cynoorganicznych w zastosowaniach przemysłowych. Dalsza część pracy poświęcona jest tematowi analityki specjacyjnej organicznych pochodnych cyny. Zaprezentowano główne tezy chemicznej analityki specjacyjnej w ogólności, a następnie opisano poszczególne etapy specjacyjnej metodyki analitycznej w kontekście analizy na zawartość pochodnych cynoorganicznych. W kolejności, omówiono problemy napotykane podczas ekstrakcji tych substancji z ronego typu próbek środowiskowych oraz zaprezentowano przegląd rozmaitych technik ekstrakcyjnych. Przedstawiono powszechnie stosowane metody derywatyzacji pochodnych cynoorganicznych z uwzględnieniem zalet oraz wad poszczególnych rozwązań. Opisano problemy związane z obecnością w ekstraktach substancji zakłócających prawidłowy przebieg procesu analitycznego oraz stosowane metody eliminacji tychże substancji. Omówiono najczęściej wykorzystywane metody separacji pochodnych cynoorganicznych oraz przedstawiono zwarte charakterystyki detektorów używanych w analityce specjacyjnej tych związków.

EN

The first part of the dissertation presents general characteristics of tin, its inorganic compounds and organotin derivatives. The properties of metallic tin, the method of its production and the main areas of application are concisely described. A brief description of the most important, from the industry viewpoint, inorganic tin compounds is presented. Their basic physical and chemical properties and application areas are given. Next, the characteristics of organic derivatives of tin, which are the main subject of work, are discussed. Their specific properties and the resulting industrial applications in agriculture, plastics, organic synthesis and shipbuilding industry are presented. The presence of both inorganic tin compounds and organic derivatives, in different parts of the environment is reported. Compilation of data collected from various literature sources concerning the concentrations of these substances in air, water, sediment, soil, food and living organisms is presented. Based on the available scientific literature, the impact of inorganic and organic tin compounds on live elements of the environment is discussed. Also the history of and current state regulations regarding the use of organotin derivatives in industrial applications is presented. The next part of the dissertation is devoted to the topic of speciation analysis of organic derivatives of tin. Main theses of the chemical speciation analysis in general, and various stages of speciation procedures in the context of organotin speciation are presented. The issues encountered during the extraction of these substances with various types of environmental samples and an overview of various extraction techniques are given. Commonly used methods of derivatisation of organotin compounds, including the advantages and disadvantages of each solution are described. Problems associated with the presence of interfering substances in the extracts and the methods used to eliminate these substances are highlighted. The most commonly used methods of separation of organotin derivatives and the characteristics of detectors used in analytical speciation of these compounds are discussed. The last part of the dissertation describes the process of creation and optimization of analytical methodologies, which the author has developed (in collaboration with the Medical University of Gdask and University of Gdask) for research projects relating to study on the degree of contamination of the environment the Gdask area, in particular the Gulf of Gdask ecosystem, by organotin derivatives. A methodology to optimize the process of speciation analysis of these substances in biological samples and the results of the study on organotin derivatives content in the livers of marine mammals living in or visiting the southern Baltic region are given. Next section describes development of an analytical method intended for use in a study of marine sediments. Process of optimizing the extraction of organotin derivatives from the samples, the problems encountered in connection with a significant amount of sulphur in sediments and the original method of eliminating the impact of this element are described in detail. The results of the study concerning the content of organotin compounds in sediment samples taken from the Port of Gdask are presented.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

analityka specjacyjna; związki cynoorganiczne; cyna

EN

speciation analysis; organotin compounds; tin

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Gdańskiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Gdańskiej. Chemia
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Nr 71(622)
• Strony: 3--80
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 127 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Wasik A.

• Katedra Chemii Analitycznej

Bibliografia

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