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Plasma aided flame retardation of wood, wooden products and cellulosic materials

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The plasma aided flame retardation of wood, wooden products and cellulosic fibrous materials has been conceived and developed as a result of a plasma aided process of capillary impregnation. The dielectric barrier discharge surface pre-treatment modifies the chemical and capillary activity and improves such characteristics of the impregnation process as the penetration depth, speed of solution spreading and adsorption, and capacity of adsorbed solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study the changed surface composition after plasma pre-treatment. The surface compositions of solid wood products, paper and board are critical to their end use performance. XPS is a powerful non-destructive surface analytical technique which provides valuable data on chemical surface composition and surface reorganization after plasma-chemical pre-treatment. The binding energy as a main characteristic of the atoms was used for elemental identification. Thermal analysis (TGA, DTA and DSC) was used to characterize the impact of the plasma surface activation on flame retardancy of Douglas fir wood. This study was developed as a part of large investigation on chemically activated wood surface and flame retarded wood.
Rocznik
Strony
28--42
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
  • Technical University of Sofia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Apparatus, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria, dineff_pd@abv.bg
Bibliografia
  • 1. Dineff, P., Gospodinova, D., Kostova, L., Vladkova, T., and Chen, E. “Plasma aided surface technology for modification of materials referred to fire protection”. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, 2008, 6; Series Plasma Physics (14), pp. 198÷200.
  • 2. Dineff, P., L. Kostova. Method of plasma-chemical modification.WO2006/133524 A3.
  • 3. Dineff, P., Gospodinova, D. “Electrode Configuration and Non-Uniform Dielectric Barrier Discharge Properties”. XVI-th International Symposium on Electrical Apparatus and Technologies “SIELA 2009”, 04÷06 June 2009, Bourgas, Bulgaria; Proceedings, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 79÷88.
  • 4. Dineff, P., D. Gospodinova. Atmospheric pressure plasma polymer modification - new visions, challenges and solutions. II. International Conference on Challenges in Higher Education & Research in the 21-st Century, Sozopol, Bulgaria. Proceedings of Papers, Heron Press, Sofia, 2004: pp. 193÷196.
  • 5. Sernek, M. Comparative analysis of inactivated wood surfaces, PhD Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, 2002.
  • 6. Vladkova, T., P. Dineff, and D. Gospodinova. Wood flour - New filler for rubber processing industry II. Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of NBR compouns filled by corona-treated wood flour, “J. Appl. Polym. Sci.”, 91(2), 883 (2003)
  • 7. P. Dineff, , D. Gospodinova, L. Kostova, T. Vladkova, and C. Erfan. New attempt at plasma aided flame retardation in wood and cellulosic fibrous materials. XX-th Congress of The Society of Chemist and Technologist of Macedonia “BICONGRESS 2008”, Ohrid, Macedonia, 17÷20 September, 2008. Proceedings of papers, 2008, PPM-11-E.
  • 8. Flame Retardants – Frequently asked questions. Website of European flame retardants association (EFRA): www.cefic-efra.org.
  • 9. Beecher, J., Frihart, C.: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Characterization of Wood Surfaces in Adhesion Studies. Wood Adhesives 2005: Session 1A – Analytical Techniques, pp. 83÷89.
  • 10. M. Kazayawoko, J. Balatinecz, R. Woodhams and R. Sodhi, XPS of lignocellulostic materials treated with maleated polypropylens, J. Wood Chem. and Technol., 18 (1), 1-26 (1998).
  • 11. Östman, B., Tsantaridis, L. Heat release and classification of fire retardant wood products. Fire and Materials, 1995. Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 253÷258.
  • 12. Hakkarainen, T., E. Mikkola, B. Östman, L. Tsantaridis, H. Brumer, P. Piispanen. Innovative eco-efficient high fire performance wood products for demanding applications. State of the art., Inno Fire Wood, March, 2005, pp. 2÷47.
  • 13. Helwig, M. Methods of testing the flammability of treated wood. Meeting of working group COST Action E37: Sustainability through new technologies for enhanced wood durability, Hamburg, Germany, 08.÷09.11.2004.
  • 14. G. Troughton, and S. Chow. Migration of fatty acids to white spruce veneer surface during drying: Relevance to theories of inactivation. Wood Science, 1971, 3 (3): 129÷133;
  • 15. W. Hillis High temperature and chemical effects on wood stability. Wood Science and Technology, 1984, 18: 281÷293
  • 16. Marra. Technology of wood bonding: Principles and practice. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992, 454 p.
  • 17. E. Obataya, T. Higashihara, and B. Tomita. Hygroscopicity of heat treated wood III. Effect of steaming on the hygroscopicity of wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 2002, 48: 348÷355.
  • 18. Chi-Ming Chan, Polymer surface modification and characterization, SPE Book, Hanser Publishers, 1993
  • 19. Fridman, A. Chirokov, and A. Gutsol. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges.Topical review. Institute of physics publishing, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2005, 38, R1-R24.
  • 20. U. Kogelschatz. Dielectric-barrier discharges: Their History, discharge physics, and
  • 21. industrial applications. Plasma chemistry and plasma processing, 2003, 23 (1), 1÷46.
  • 22. K. Becker, U. Kogelschatz, K. Schoenbach, and R. Barker. Non-equilibrium air plasmas at atmospheric pressure. IOP Publishing, Ltd., Bristol and Philadelphia, 2005.
  • 23. Mouritz, A. Gibson. Fire properties of polymer composite materials, Springer Series: Solid mechanics and its applications, Vol. 143, 2006.
  • 24. F. Browne. Theories on the combustion of wood and its control. U.S. Forest Prod. Lab., 1958, Rep. 2136, pp. 59
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BPG8-0055-0004
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