Utilization of glycerol, a by-product of the transestrification process of vegetable oils: a review

• Autorzy: Stelmachowski M.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Metody zagospodarowania gliceryny, produktu ubocznego z procesu transestryfikacji olejów roślinnych: przegląd literaturowy

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The use of biodiesel is expected to grow in the future due to the environmental policy of the EU. The increase in the production of biodiesel has resulted in a glut of glycerin that has led to a precipitous market price drop. At present glycerol is in surplus but in the near future could become a waste problem. It may create a barrier for the development of this industry branch and reduce biodiesel applications as well. This glut also indicates that known technologies for the utilization of glycerol have many disadvantages and that their efficiency and profitability are too low. The utilization of waste glycerol may be carried out by feedstock recycling into energy carriers (hydrogen, syngas and methane), or it may be converted into other chemicals (eg, acrolein, epichlorohydrin, ethers, esters and alcohols). As hydrogen is a clean energy carrier, the conversion of glycerol into hydrogen is the best glycerol use. Catalytic steam reforming, aqueous reforming, autothermal reforming, pyrolysis, gasification, photo-conversion and bioconversion of glycerol may be considered to solve the glycerol surplus problem. This analysis indicates that the (aqueous/steam) reforming and/or photocatalytic conversion of glycerol have become the best processes for the utilization of glycerol from an economic and environmental point of view.

PL

Biodiesel (mieszanina estrów metylowych lub etylowych wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych), produkowany w procesie transestryfikacji olejów roślinnych, jest najpopularniejszym produktem, pochodzącym z biomasy, dodawanym do tradycyjnych paliw płynnych wytwarzanych z ropy. Jego produkcja w ostatnich latach szybko rośnie, co wynika z aktualnej polityki ochrony środowiska dążącej do ograniczenie emisji ditlenku węgla pochodzącego ze spalania paliw kopalnych. W procesie transestryfikacji powstaje szereg ubocznych produktów. Najważniejszym i powstającym w największej ilości produktem ubocznym (w samym procesie transestryfikacji) jest gliceryna. Duży wzrost ilości produkowanego biodiesla w ostatnich latach spowodował wytworzenie odpowiednio dużej ilości gliceryny, co bardzo zachwiało rynkiem gliceryny, wywołując duży spadek jej ceny. Fakt ten może stanowić pewną barierę rozwoju tej gałęzi przemysłu i ograniczyć dalszy wzrost udziału biodiesla w bilansie paliw silnikowych. Wskazuje to także, że dotychczas proponowane metody nie są wystarczająco efektywne technologicznie i ekonomicznie. Istnieją dwie podstawowe możliwości działania: (1) wykorzystanie gliceryny jako surowca do produkcji innych substancji chemicznych i (2) wykorzystanie jej energetyczne, w tym szczególnie do wytwarzania wodoru. Recykling produktowy jest najkorzystniejszą metodą zagospodarowania produktów ubocznych i odpadów. Jednakże, wykorzystanie gliceryny do wytwarzania innych produktów i półproduktów chemicznych może mieć ograniczone zastosowanie ze względu na to, że rynek tych produktów może się spotkać również z barierą popytu oraz ze względu na uzyskiwane niskie selektywności dla tych produktów. Analiza literatury wskazuje, że recykling surowcowy, w tym szczególnie proces konwersji gliceryny do wodoru, jest dobrą alternatywą, ponieważ rynek na wodór będzie w przyszłości praktycznie nieograniczony. Jeżeli instalacje przemysłowe będą ekonomiczne i proste w eksploatacji, ten sposób będzie prawdopodobnie rozwiązaniem optymalnym.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

glycerol; hydrogen; pyrolysis; gasification; bioconversion; photocatalysis; reforming

PL

gliceryna; wodór; piroliza; zgazowanie; reforming; biokonwersja; fotokataliza

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 18, nr 1
• Strony: 9--30
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 97 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Stelmachowski M.

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, ul. Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Łódź,

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