Pollutants present in snow samples collected from various layers of snow cover as a source of information about the state of environment in a big urban agglomeration

• Autorzy: Polkowska Ż. , Demkowska I. , Cichała-Kamrowska K. , Namieśnik J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zanieczyszczenie obecne w próbkach śniegu pobranego z warstw jako źródło informacji o stanie środowiska w dużej aglomeracji miejskiej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Snow samples were collected within one month from 12 sampling sites located in the area of Gdansk-Sopot. Six of them were in the vicinity of communication arteries characterized by different traffic intensity. Each sampling site had its reference point, which was located within a distance of about 200 m from the road. pH, conductivity, selected anions and cations were determined in snow samples. pH measurements were carried out by means of a pH glass electrode, whereas conductivity by applying conductometric methods. The concentration levels of selected ions were determined by means of chromatographic techniques (ion chromatography). The conducted research studies confirmed presence of the above-mentioned compounds in snow samples at different concentration levels depending on time, sampling site, layer of snow cover and type of compound.

PL

Próbki śniegu pobierano przez okres około miesiąca z 12 miejsc zlokalizowanych na terenie Trójmiasta. Sześć z nich znajdowało się w pobliżu dróg komunikacyjnych o różnym natężeniu ruchu. Każde z nich miało swój punkt odniesienia oddalony od niego o około 200 m. W próbkach śniegu oznaczano pH, przewodność, zawartość wybranych anionów i kationów. Wartości pH wyznaczono przy użyciu elektrody szklanej połączonej z pH/tlenomierzem mikrokomputerowym, a przewodność konduktometrycznie. Zawartość wybranych jonów oznaczano przy użyciu metod chromatograficznych (chromatografia jonowa). W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono obecność ww. związków w próbkach śniegu na różnych poziomach stężeń, zależnie od czasu oraz miejsca pobierania próbek i warstwy.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

snow; pollution; layers of snow cover; correlation matrices

PL

śnieg; zanieczyszczenia; warstwy śniegu; korelacje

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 17, nr 2
• Strony: 203--231
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Polkowska Ż.

autor

Demkowska I.

autor

Cichała-Kamrowska K.

autor

Namieśnik J.

• Katedra Chemii Analitycznej, Wydział Chemiczny, Politechnika Gdańska, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, tel. [phone], fax [phone],

Bibliografia

• [1] Deluga W.: Współczesne trendy w motoryzacji ograniczające zagrożenie środowiska. Politechnika Koszalińska, Koszalin 1999.
• [2] de Velde K. Van, Barbante C., Cozzi G., Moret I., Bellomi T., Ferrari C. i Boutron C.: Changes in the occurrence of silver, gold, platinum, palladium and rhodium in Mont Blanc ice and snow since the 18th century. Atmos. Environ., 2000, 34, 3117-3127.
• [3] Barbante C., Cozzi G., Capodaglio G., Van de Velde K., Ferrari Ch., Barbante C. i Cescon P.: Trace element determination in alpine snow and ice by double focusing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with microconcentric nebulization. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1999, 14, 1433-1439.
• [4] Veysseyre A., Moutard K., Ferrari C., Van de Velde K., Barbante C., Cozzi G., Capodaglio G. i Boutron C.: Heavy metals in fresh snow collected at different altitudes in the Chamonix and Maurienne valleys, French Alps: initial results. Atmos. Environ., 2001, 35, 415-425.
• [5] Barbaris B. i Betterton E.A.: Initial snow chemistry survey of the Mogollon rim in Arizona. Atmos. Environ., 1996, 30, 3093-3103.
• [6] Dahe Q., Mayewski P. A., Lyons W. B., Junying S. i Shugui H.: Lead pollution in Antarctic surface snow revelated along the route of the International Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Ann. Glaciol., 1999, 29, 94-98.
• [7] Ikegawa M., Kimura M., Honda K., Makita K., Motoyama H., Fujii Y. i Ittokawa Y.: Spring peaks of major and trace elements in snow at Asuka station, East Antarctica. Mem. Natl Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue, 1998, 52, 135-148.
• [8] Ikegawa M., Kimura M., Honda K., Akabane I., Makita K., Motoyama H., Fujii Y. i Itokawa Y.: Geographical variations of major and trace elements in East Antarctica. Atmos. Environ., 1999, 33, 1457-1467.
• [9] Suttie E.D. i Wolff E.W.: The local deposition of heavy metal emissions from point sources in Antarctica. Atmos. Environ., 1993, 27A, 1833-1841.
• [10] Boutron C.F., Ducroz F.M., Gorlach U., Jaffrezo J-L., Davidson C.I. i Bolshov M.A.: Variations in heavy metal concentrations in fresh Greenland snow from January to August 1989. Atmos. Environ., 1993, 27A, 2773-2779.
• [11] Postupolski A. i Golimowski J.: Trace determination of antimony and bismuth in snow and water samples by stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis, 1991, 3, 793-797.
• [12] Ranalli A.J., Turk J.T. i Campbell D.H.: The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high- altitude sites in winter. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 1997, 95, 237-256.
• [13] Van de Velde K., Ferrari Ch., Barbante C., Moret I., Bellomi T., Hong S. i Boutron C.: A 200 year record of atmospheric cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, and antimony in igh altitude alpine firn and ice. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1999, 33, 3495-3501.
• [14] Atteia O.: Major and trace elements in precipitation on western Switzerland. Atmos. Environ., 1994, 28, 3617-3624.
• [15] DeFelice T.P.: Chemical composition on fresh snowfalls at Palmer Station, Antarctica. Atmos. Environ., 1999, 33, 155-161.
• [16] Yamaguchi T., Taguchi Y., Gup J. i Ohkawa A.: Elution phenomena of acidic ions from granular snow and spherical ice. J. Chem. Eng. Jap., 2003, 36, 471-476.
• [17] Cadle S.H., VandeKopple R., Mulawa P.A. i Dasch J.M.: Ambient concentrations, scavenging ratios, and source regions of acid related compounds and trace metals during winter in Northern Michigan. Atmos. Environ., 1990, 24A, 2981-2989.
• [18] Berg N., Dunn P. i Fenn M.: Spatial and temporal variability of rime ice and snow chemistry at five sites in California. Atmos. Environ., 1991, 25A, 915-926.
• [19] Schwikowski M., Novo A., Baltensperger U., Delmas R., Gaggeler H.W., Kasper A., Kuhn M., Maupetit F., Nickus U., Preunkert S., Puxbaum H., Rossi G.C., Schoner W. i Wagenbach D.: Intercomparison of snow sampling and analysis within the alpine-wide snowpack investigation. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 1997, 93, 67-91.
• [20] Satsumabayashi H., Nishizawa H., Yokouchi Y. i Ueda H.: Pinonaldehyde and some other organics in rain and snow in Central Japan. Chemosphere, 2001, 45, 887-891.
• [21] Sempere R. i Kawamura K.: Comparative distributions of dicarboxylic acids and related polar compounds in snow, rain and aerosols from urban atmosphere. Atmos. Environ., 1994, 28, 449-459.
• [22] Kaasik M. i Kaasik H.: Elemental and base anions deposition in the snow cover of North-Eastern Estonia. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 2000, 121, 349-366.
• [23] Suzuki K.: Spatial distribution of chloride and sulfate in the snow cover in Sapporo. Japan. Atmos. Environ., 1990, 21, 1773-1778.
• [24] Takahashi T., Endoh T., Muramoto K., Nakagawa Ch. i Noguchi I.: Influence of the growth mechanism of snow particles on their chemical composition. Atmos. Environ., 1996, 30, 1683-1692.
• [25] Fukuzaki N., Oshio T., Noguchi I., Matsumoto M., Morisaki S., Oohara M., Tamaki M. i Hiraki T.: Spatial differences of chemical features of atmospheric deposition between rainy season and winter the areas facing to the Japan Sea, Japan. Chemosphere, 1999, 38, 411-423.
• [26] Barcan V. i Sylina A.: The appraisal of snow sampling for environmental pollution valuation. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 1996, 89, 49-65.
• [27] Hoffmann P., Karandashev V.K. i Sinner T.: Chemical analysis of rain and snow samples from Chernogolovka/Russia by IC, TXRF and ICP-MS. J. Anal. Chem., 1997, 357, 1142-1148.
• [28] Gregurek D., Reimann C. i Stumpfl E.F.: Trace elements and precious metals in snow samples from the immediate vicinity of nickel processing plants, Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia. Environ. Pollut., 1998, 102, 221-232.