Air pollution studies in Bulgaria using the moss biomonitoring technique

• Autorzy: Marinova S. , Yurukova L. , Frontasyeva M. , Steinnes E. , Strelkova L. , Marinov A. , Karadzhinova A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wykorzystanie mchów w badaniach biomonitoringowych zanieczyszczenia powietrza w Bułgarii

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The moss biomonitoring technique was used to study trace element atmospheric deposition in four areas of Bulgaria (the Western Thracian-Rhodope, the Eastern Thracian-Rhodope, the South-Eastern and the North-Central Bulgaria) during the European moss survey in 2005. A total of 41 elements (Na, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rd, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th, and U) were determined by instrumental epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) in 97 samples of terrestrial moss. The moss species used was Hypnum cupressiforme. Principal component analysis (factor analysis) was used to identify and characterize different pollution sources and to point out the most polluted areas. The interpretation of the factor analysis findings points to natural crust, marine, and vegetation components as well as to anthropogenic sources: ferrous (Plovdiv, Haskovo) and non-ferrous industries (Plovdiv, Kardzhali, Burgas); oil refining (Burgas), and central heating stations (Plovdiv, Haskovo, Stara Zagora, Burgas). Comparison of the medians of the elemental concentrations in moss samples collected in Bulgaria with those in the Balkan and other European countries reveals that the Balkan countries show considerably higher concentrations of most elements in moss than observed in other European countries where moss sampling has been employed.

PL

Za pomocą biomonitoringu z wykorzystaniem mchów zbadano zawartość pierwiastków śladowych w opadzie atmosferycznym na czterech obszarach Bułgarii (Zachodnia Tracja - Rodopy, Wschodnia Tracja - Rodopy, południowo-wschodnia i północno-środkowa Bułgaria). Badania prowadzono w ramach europejskiego programu badania mchów w 2005 roku. Oznaczono 41 pierwiastków (Na, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, S. Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rd, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th i U) w 97 próbkach naziemnych mchów, z wykorzystaniem neutronowej analizy aktywacyjnej (NAA) i absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS). Do badań wykorzystano mech Hypnum cupressiforme. Do identyfikacji i charakterystyki różnych źródeł zanieczyszczeń oraz wyznaczenia obszarów najbardziej zanieczyszczonych wykorzystano analizę głównych składowych (analiza czynnikowa). Interpretacja wyników analizy czynnikowej pozwala wskazać naturalne źródła tych pierwiastków: skorupę ziemską, składniki morskie oraz elementy roślinne, a także źródła antropogenne: przemysł Selaza (Plovdiv i Haskovo), przemysł metali nieSelaznych (Plovdiv, Kyrdali i Burgas), przetwórstwo ropy naftowej (Burgas) oraz ciepłownie (Plovdiv, Haskovo, Stara Zagora i Burgas). Porównanie wartości mediany stężeń oznaczanych analitów w próbkach mchów pobranych w Bułgarii z pobranymi na Bałkanach i w innych krajach europejskich wskazuje, że mchy z Bałkanów wykazują znacznie większe stężenia w przeważającej części tych pierwiastków w porównaniu z mchami w innych krajach europejskich.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

atmospheric deposition; moss biomonitoring; neutron activation analysis

PL

opad atmosferyczny; biomonitoring z wykorzystaniem mchów; neutronowa analiza aktywacyjna; absorpcyjna spektrometria atomowa; pierwiastki śladowe; analiza czynnikowa; źródła zanieczyszczeń

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 17, nr 1
• Strony: 37--52
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Marinova S.

autor

Yurukova L.

autor

Frontasyeva M.

autor

Steinnes E.

autor

Strelkova L.

autor

Marinov A.

autor

Karadzhinova A.

• Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarskiť, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Bibliografia

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