Corrosion resistant alloys for oil and gas applications -laboratory testing vs service performance

• Autorzy: Turnbull A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

An overview is given of environment assisted cracking of corrosion resistant alloys for oil and gag production focusing on duplex stainless steels (DSS) and super martensitic stainless steels (SMSS). There bas been a number of failures of these alloys under different service conditions including external chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) associated with seawater evaporation on hot DSS pipework, internal chloride SCC of DSS topside piping associated with evaporation of formation water, internal cracking associated with intergranular chloride SCC of welded SMSS pipe, and external hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) associated with welded SMSS and DSS pipeline and super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) manifolds, under cathodic protection. The overview focuses on factors that gave rise to these failures and examines the implications in terms of the relevance of laboratory testing.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

corrosion resistant alloys; stress corrosion cracking; hydrogen induced stress cracking

• Wydawca: Politechnika Gdańska
• Czasopismo: Advances in Materials Science
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: Vol. 7, nr 2(12)
• Strony: 54--61
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Turnbull A.

• Division of Engineering and Process Control, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK

Bibliografia

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• [2] P. Woolin and W. Murphy, "Hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion cracking of super duplex stainless steel", Paper 01018, Corrosion 2001, NACE Int., Houston, TX.,2001.
• [3] Mack, C. Williams, S. Lester and J. Cassava, 'Stress corrosion cracking of a cold worked 22 Cr duplex stainless steel production tubing in a high density clear brine CaCl2 packer fluid', Paper No. 02067, Corrosion 2002, NACE Int., Houston, TX., 2002.
• [4] S. Huizinga and RK. Ohm, 'Experiences with qualification of weldable stainless steel pipe', Paper no. 03092, Corrosion 2003, NACE Int., Houston, Tx., 2003.
• [5] HSE Offshore Division Safety Notice 3/3003, Issue date: Dec. 2003.
• [6] A. Leonard, 'Review of external stress corrosion cracking of 22%Cr duplex stainless steel', HSE Research Report 129 - ISBN 0-7176-2718-7, 2003.
• [7] Huizinga, J.G. de Jong, W.E. Liek, B. McLoughlin and S.J. Paterson, Offshore 22 Cr duplex stain1ess stee1 cracking-fai1ure and prevention, CORROSION/05, paper no. 05474, NACE Int., Houston, Tx., 2005.
• [8] A. Turnbull, 'Stress Corrosion Cracking of Duplex Stain1ess Steels Concentrated Brines - A Critique of Testing', NPL Report DEPC MPE 008, 2005.
• [9] R. Francis, 'A review of the susceptibility of duplex stainless steels to chloride SCC under salt crusts', Weir Materials and Foundries, Report No. TN1480, 2004.
• [10] A. Turnbull, S. Zhou, P. Nicholson and G. Hinds, "Chemistry of concentrated salts formed by evaporation of seawater on duplex stain1ess stee1", submitted to Corrosion J, 2006.
• [11] G. Hinds and A. Turnbull, "Threshold temperature for stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steel under evaporative conditions", submitted to Corrosion J, 2007.
• [12] P.J. Webb, The role of e1ectro1yte simulation in understanding the failure of Shearwater Process Pipework, Paper no SPE 87559, l st Int. Symp. On Oilfield Corrosion, Aberdeen, May 2004, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Texas, 2004.
• [13] A Turnbull, P. Nicholson and S. Zhou, "Chemistry of concentrated salts formed by evaporation of formation water and the impact on stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steel", submitted to Corrosion J, 2006.
• [14] T. Cassagne, Comment during discussion at Eurocorr WP13 Maastricht, September, 2006.
• [15] A. Turnbull and W. Nimmo, "Methodology for determining the resistance of welded corrosion resistant alloys to stress corrosion using the four-point bend method", NPL Report DEPC MPE 007, 2004.
• [16] A. Turnbull and W. Nimmo, Stress corrosion testing of welded super martensitic stainless steels for oil and gag pipelines, Corros. Eng. Sci. Tech., 40 (2005), pp103-109.
• [17] T. Rogne, H. I. Lange, M. Svenning, S. Aldstedt, J. K. Solberg, E. Ladanova, S. Olsen, R Howard and R Letrumo, Paper No. 02428, Corrosion 2002, NACE Int., Houston, Tx., 2002.
• [18] G. Hinds and A. Turnbull, Testing of supermartensitic stainless steel welds under cathodic protection at very low strain rates, Corrosion J., 62 (2006), pp. 371-374.
• [19] A. J. Griffiths, G. Hinds and A. Turnbull, Monotonic and cyclic slow strain rate testing of super 13 Cr steel welds under cathodic protection, Corrosion Journal, 61 (2005), pp. 111-118.