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Implementation of routine condition monitoring techniques, failure analysis protocols and complementary specific research and development (R&D) activities is valuable in preventing failure recurrence. Ferrography is a common technique for condition monitoring, in which small (wear) particles are isolated on a glass slide based upon the interaction between an external magnetic field and the magnetic moments of the particles suspended in a flow stream. Here, the application of ferrography in monitoring the health of aircraft assemblies is reviewed. In addition, several definitions of important terms related to failure analysis are provided, and a recommended failure analysis protocol is discussed. Finally, several case studies of aircraft components that failed due to corrosion-involving mechanisms are summarized, and an example of the application of R&D projects for improved quality assurance and prevention of failure occurrence is given.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
13--25
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Tel-Aviv University, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
Bibliografia
- [1] MIL-STD-721C, Definitions of terms for reliability and maintainability.
- [2] http://en.wikipedia.org.
- [3] MIL-STD-2155 (AS), Failure reporting, analysis and corrective action system.
- [4] Eliaz N. and Latanision R.M.: Preventative maintenance and failure analysis of aircraft components. Corr. Rev., accepted.
- [5] Ifergane S., Eliaz N., Stern N., Kogan E., Shemesh G., Sheinkopf H. and Eliezer D.: The effect of manufacturing processes on the fatigue lifetime of aeronautical bolts. Eng. Fail. Anal. 8 (2001), pp. 227-235.
- [6] Eliaz N., Shemesh G. and Latanision R.M.: Hot corrosion in gag turbine components. Eng. Fail. Anal. 9 (2002), pp. 31-43.
- [7] Eliaz N., Shachar A., Tal B. and Eliezer D.: Characteristics of hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion cracking and tempered martensite embrittlement in high-strength steels. Eng. Fail. Anal. 9 (2002), pp. 167-184.
- [8] Eliaz N., Gheorghiu G., Sheinkopf H., Levi O., Shemesh G., Ben-Mordechai A and Artzi H.: Failures of bolts in helicopter main rotor drive plate assembly due to improper application of lubricant. Eng. Fail. Anal. 10 (2003), pp. 443-451.
- [9] Eliaz N., Sheinkopf H., Shemesh G. and Artzi H.: Cracking in cargo aircraft main landing gear truck beams due to abusive grinding following chromium plating. Eng. Fail. Anal. 12 (2005), pp. 337-347.
- [10] Eliaz N., Banks-Sills L, Ashkenazi D. and Eliasi R.: Modeling failure of metallic glasses due to hydrogen embrittlement in the absence of external loads. Acta Mater. 52 (2004), pp. 93-105.
- [11] MIL- I -6868, Inspection process, magnetic particles.
- [12] MIL-STD-1501, Chromium plating, law embrittlement, electrodeposition.
- [13] MIL-STD-866B, Grinding of chrome plated steel and steel parts beat treated to 180,000 psi or over.
- [14] MIL-STD-870, Cadmium plating, law embrittlement, electrodeposition.
- [15] Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) Bulletin, UK Department of Transport (DfT), Apri12000.
- [16] Van Vaeck L, Adriaens A. and Gijbels R.: Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) part 1: methodology and structural interpretation. Mass Spectrom Rev 18 (1999), pp. 1-47.
- [17] Shvachko V.I.: Col d cracking of structural steel weldments as reversible hydrogen embrittlement effect. Intern. J. Hydr. Energy, 25 (2000), pp. 473-480.
- [18] Takai K., Seki J., Homma Y.: Observation of trapping sites of hydrogen and deuterium in high-strength steels by using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Mater. Trans. HM 36 (1995), pp. 1134-1139.
- [19] Brass A.M., Chene J. and Boutry-Forveille A: Measurements of deuterium and tritium concentration enhancement at the crack lip of high strength steels. Corr. Sci. 38 (1996), pp. 569-585.
- [20] Chene J., Lecoester F., Brass AM. and Noel D.: SIMS analysis of deuterium diffusion in alloy 600: the correlation between fracture mo de and deuterium concentration profile. Corr. Sci. 40 (1998), pp. 49-60.
- [21] Sastri V.S., McDonnell D.B.: Analysis of surface hydrogen in high-strength steels. Canad. Metall. Quart. 34 (1995), pp. 37-41.
- [22] Lockwood F.E. and Dalley R.: Lubricant analysis. ASM Handbook, Vol. 18: Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1992, pp. 299-312.
- [23] Staff report: Ferrography: a tool for wear-particle analysis. Hydraul. Pneum. November (1986), pp. 59-61.
- [24] Seifert W.W. and Westcott V.C.: Method for the study of wear particles in lubricating oil. Wear 21 (1972), pp. 27-42.
- [25] Westcott V.C.: Method and apparatus for segregating particulate matter. U.S. Patent No. 4,047,814, September 13, 1977.
- [26] Reda A.A, Bowen R. and Westcott V.C.: Characteristic of particles generated at the interface between sliding steel surfaces. Wear 34 (1975), pp. 261-273.
- [27] Scott D., Seifert W.W. and Westcott V.C.: The particles of wear. Sci. Amer. 230 (1974), pp. 88-97.
- [28] Bowen E.R. and Westcott V.C.: Wear Particle Atlas (Revised), Vol. 1, Naval Air Engineering Center Contract number N00156-74-C01 682, July 1976.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BPG5-0027-0002