Detection of optical radiation

• Autorzy: Rogalski A. , Bielecki Z.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

An overview of the important techniques for detection of optical radiation from the ultraviolet, through visible to infrared spectral regions is presented. At the beginning single-point devices are considered. Next, different application circuits used in direct detection systems together with elucidation of the design of front-end circuits and discussion of their performance are presented. Third part of the paper is devoted to advanced techniques including coherent detection. Finally, the updated information devoted to readout of signals from detector arrays and focal plane arrays is included. It is shown that detector focal plane technology has revolutionized many kinds of imaging in the past 25 years.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

photon and thermal detectors; direct detection systems; coherent and homodyne detection; focal plane arrays; monolithic and hybrid structures; CCD and CMOS readouts; multicolour detectors

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Nauk, Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych
• Czasopismo: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: Vol. 52, nr 1
• Strony: 43--66
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 31 poz., 43 rys.

Twórcy

autor

Rogalski A.

• lnstitute of Applied Physics, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Bielecki Z.

• Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] S. Donati, Photodetectors. Devices, Circuits, and Applications, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999.
• [2] C. D. Motchenbacher and J. A. Connelly, Low-noise Electronic System Design, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995.
• [3] J. L. Vampola, “Readout electronics for infrared sensors”, in The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook, Vol. 3, ed. by W. D. Rogatto, Bellingham: SPIE Press, 1993.
• [4] Z. Bielecki, W. Kołosowski, R. Dufrene and M. Borejko, Proceedings of 11th European Gallium Arsenide & other Compound Semiconductors Application Symposium, Munich, 137–140 (2003).
• [5] G. H. Rieke, Detection of Light: From Ultraviolet to the Submillimeter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• [6] Photomultiplier Tubes — Basic and Applications, Editorial Committee, HammamatsuCor poration, 1999.
• [7] H. Kume, “Optical detectors and receivers,” in Handbook of Optoelectronics, Bristol: IOP, 2004.
• [8] Z. Bielecki, “Maximisation of signal to noise ratio in infrared radiation receivers,” Opto-Electron. Rev. 10, 209–216 (2002).
• [9] M. I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 1990.
• [10] RCA Electro-Optics Handbook, New Jersey: RCA, 1974.
• [11] G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
• [12] J. R. Barry and E. A. Lee, “Performance of coherent optical receivers”, Proc. IEEE 78, 1369–1394 (1990).
• [13] R. Brun, “Gallium arsenide eyesafe laser rangefinder,” Proc. SPIE 1207, 172–181 (1990).
• [14] R. J. Keyes, Optical and Infrared Detectors, Berlin: Springer, 1977.
• [15] I. P. Csorba, Image Tubes, Howard W. Sams & Co., 1985.
• [16] Z. Bielecki and A. Rogalski, Detection of Optical Radiation, Warsaw: WNT, 2001 (in Polish).
• [17] A. Rogalski, Infrared Detectors, Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 2000.
• [18] A. Rogalski, “Infrared detectors: Status and trends,” Progress in Quantum Electronics 27, 59–210 (2003).
• [19] A. Rogalski, “Photon detectors,” in Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering, 1985–2036, ed. R. Driggers, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 2003.
• [20] P. Norton, “Detector focal plane array technology,” in Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering, 320–348, ed. R Driggers, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 2003.
• [21] http://www.dalsa.com/
• [22] J. Janesick, Scientific Charge-Coupled Devices, Bellingham: SPIE Press, 2001.
• [23] L. J. Kozlowski, J. Montroy, K. Vural and W. E. Kleinhans, “Ultra-low noise infrared focal plane array status,” Proc. SPIE 3436, 162–171 (1998).
• [24] E. L. Dereniak and D. G. Crowe, Optical Radiation Detectors, New York: Wiley & Sons, 1984.
• [25] L. J. Kozlowski, K. Vural, J. Luo, A. Tomasini, T. Liu and W. E. Kleinhans, Opto-Electron. Rev. 7, 259–269 (1999).
• [26] E. R. Fossum, “Active pixel sensors: Are CCD’s dinosaurs?,” Proc. SPIE 1900, 2–14 (1993).
• [27] E. R. Fossum and B. Pain, “Infrared readout electronics for space science sensors: State of the art and future directions”, Proc SPIE 2020, 262–285 (1993).
• [28] M. J. Hewitt, J. L. Vampola, S. H. Black and C. J. Nielsen, “Infrared readout electronics: a historical perspective”, Proc. SPIE 2226, 108–119 (1994).
• [29] P. J. Love, K. J. Ando, R. E. Bornfreund, E. Corrales, R. E. Mills, J. R. Cripe, N. A. Lum, J. P. Rosbeck and M. S. Smith, “Large-format infrared arrays for future space and ground-based astronomy applications”, Proc SPIE 4486, 373–384 (2002).
• [30] A. Rogalski, “Quantum well photoconductors in infrared detector technology”, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 4355–4391 (2003).
• [31] T. Whitaker, “Sanders’ QWIPs detect two color at once,” Compound Semiconductors 5(7), 48–51 (1999).