Regularities of Fish Avoidance Response to Heavy Metals and their Mixtures

• Autorzy: Svecevicius G.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Reakcja unikania metali ciężkich i ich mieszanin u ryb

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Several regularities of behavioral avoidance response of fishes to heavy metals and their mixtures are summarized. It has been found that avoidance response is a significant species-specific form of adaptive fish behavior occurring at sublethal concentration levels. Its intensity is directly proportional to the logarithm of concentration and independent of the toxicity of the substance studied. Comparative laboratory and field tests were carried out on anadromous fish vimba (Vimba vimba). Under field conditions adult fish avoided copper and zinc solutions more intensively than juvenile individuals in the laboratory. Single fish were less sensitive than schools. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) significantly exceeded vimba by its sensitivity to heavy metals: it was found to be 44 times more sensitive to copper and 1,600 times more sensitive to zinc than juvenile vimba. No correlation between heavy metal toxicity and its avoidance intensity in these fish species bas been determined. It has been established that the major role in forming avoidance response to heavy metals belongs to olfactory system of fishes. Under experimental anosmia adult vimba individuals lost their capability to avoid preliminary avoidable concentrations of copper and zinc that in same cases caused mortality of the test fish. Avoidance response studies on equivalent groups of four dominant fish species from the river coastal zone communities simultaneously to solutions of five heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe) model mixture, as well as a separate tests, carried out on rainbow trout showed, that by the sensitivity to the studied mixture, fishes can be grouped into the following decreasing sequence: rainbow trout> three-spined stickleback > roach > dace > perch. The responses of fishes to heavy metal mixture solutions were species-specific. Interspecific schooling did not occur. Behavioral adaptation capabilities of fishes to heavy metals have been proved. Rainbow trout were pre-exposed for 3 months to sublethal concentrations of copper and to the solutions of two kinds of five heavy metal mixtures at different combinations. Intact and control fish significant!y avoided copper and heavy metal mixtures in all cases. Pre-exposed fish demonstrated preference response to heavy metals and their mixtures of maximal intensity.

PL

Ryby potrafią wykryć i unikać w swoim środowisku nawet małe stężenia metali ciężkich; pojedynczych metali oraz ich mieszanin. Zasadniczą rolę w ich reakcji na metale (ich unikanie) odgrywa węch tych ryb. Intensywność reakcji unikania jest wprost proporcjonalna do logarytmu stężenia danego metalu, a nie zależy od jego toksyczności i gatunku ryby, jak równiez nie zależy od czynników ekologicznych, fizjologicznych i cech zachowawczych badanych ryb.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fish; avoidance response; heavy metal mixtures

PL

ryby; reakcja unikania metali ciężkich; mieszaniny metali ciężkich

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: Vol. 10, nr 12
• Strony: 1301--1313
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Svecevicius G.

• Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania, fax: [phone], phone: [phone]

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