Engine Tribology and Surface Modification Technology

• Autorzy: Xu G. , Liang H. , Totten G. , Liu J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Tribologia silników i technologia modyfikacji powierzchni

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce tribologicznej oraz technologii obróbki powierzchniowej wybranych zespołów silników samochodowych. Jako zespoły, pracujące w warunkach narażenia na zużycie tribologiczne, omówiono: cylinder - tłok (pierścienie tłokowe), zawory - gniazda zaworowe, krzywki - popychacze, a także blok cylindrowy. Analizując pracę ww. elementów trących stwierdzono, że podstawowym mechanizmem zużywania zespołu; tłok - cylinder jest zużycie ścierne, powodowane twardymi cząstkami zawartymi w środku smarowym, bądź paliwie, a ponadto również niszczenie korozyjne. Dominuącymi mechanizmami zużywania w układzie: zawory - gniazda zaworowe są; zużycie ścierne, adhezyjne i odkształceniowe a także zużywanie korozyjne. W parze tribologicznej typu krzywki - popychacze obserwuje się tarcie ślizgowe oraz tarcie toczne w warunkach wysokich nacisków jednostkowych. Stąd też, przy tarciu ślizgowym rejestruje się przypadki zacierania, a przy tarciu tocznym- pittingu. Dużą część artykułu poświęcono materiałom stosowanym na wymienione zespoły silników. Stwierdzono m.in., że bloki cylindrowe wykonywane są z żeliwa lub siluminów, zaś powierzchnie tulei cylindrycznych obrabia się cieplnie, cieplno-chemicznie, galwanicznie względnie metodą metalizacji natryskowej. Tłoki produkowane są z żeliwa lub stopów aluminium, a ponadto nakładane są powłoki z miękkich metali (np. Pb) lub kompozytów żywicznych (z PTFE, MOS2 i grafitu). Pierścienie tłokowe na ogół wykonuje się z żeliwa, które następnie może być chromowane, molibdenowane, fosforanowane, azotowane itp. Ostatnio podjęto próby wykonywania pierścieni metodą metalurgii proszków. Zawory silnikowe i gniazda zaworowe wykonuje się ze stali stopowych. Dla zwiększenia ich trwałości nakłada się różnego typu powłoki metodą natrysku cieplnego. W ostatnim okresie czasu zaczęto na elementy te stosować materiały ceramiczne (na bazie węglika krzemu, azotku krzemu), a także materiały spiekane. Krzywki i popychacze wykonuje się z żeliwa lub stali, które następnie poddawane są obróbce: cieplnej, cieplno-chemicznej, metalizacji natryskowej, a także nowoczesnymi technikami typu CVD i PVD. Ostatnie partie artykułu poświęcono technice smarowniczej, przy czym dużo uwagi poświęcono dodatkom do olejów silnkowych, typu: MoDTC, ZnDTC, MOS2 itp., a także laboratoryjnym i eksploatacyjnym badaniom tribologicznym omówionych zespołów silników samochodowych.

EN

The surface modification technology has been recognized in applications in automobiles. This technology is known to improve engine's tribological performance and fuel economy. With the higher requirement on the liability and longevity of automotive engine, there are urgent needs for new surface modification technologies and materials on engine components. In this article, a review is provided on surface modification technologies and materials that are applied to engines.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

tribologia; obróbka powierzchniowa; silniki samochodowe; zużycie materiałów

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz – Instytut Mechaniki Precyzyjnej
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Powierzchni
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: Nr 4
• Strony: 8--18
• Opis fizyczny: rys., bibliogr. 76 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Xu G.

• University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA

autor

Liang H.

• TexasA7M University, College Station, USA

autor

Totten G.

• George Totten & Associaces, Seattle, USA

autor

Liu J.

• Tsighua University, Bej\ijing, China

• University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA

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