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Purchasing and supply strategies' contribution to company's competitiveness. Philips case study
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W celu wykorzystania potencjału oszczędności, który tkwi w obszarze zakupów, Philips dąży do doskonalenia strategii zakupowych na bazie wniosków płynących z oceny ich efektywności. W tym celu opracowano system ewaluacji strategii zakupowych na trzech poziomach: ostatecznego wpływu na wyniki gospodarcze firmy, efektywności procesów zakupowych, potencjału bazy dostawców. Zrównoważona Karta Wyników monitoruje bezpośredni wpływ strategii zakupowych na wyniki finansowe firmy, a zatem również na budowę jej przewagi konkurencyjnej. Drugie narzędzie oceny skuteczności przyjętych strategii w przedsiębiorstwie Philips, czyli model oceny efektywności procesów zakupowych bada, iż w danym okresie nastąpił wzrost zaawansowania kluczowych elementów zaopatrzenia. Dodatkowo Philips stosuje do badania skuteczności przyjętych strategii monitoring zmian potencjału dostawców. Genezą zastosowania tego typu mierników jest przekonanie menedżerów, iż dostawcy stanowią zewnętrzne zasoby przedsiębiorstwa. Zarządzający uważają, iż kluczowe kompetencje kontrahentów mają wpływ na konkurencyjność nabywcy.
Philips Royal Electronics is continuously improving its purchasing and supply strategies to maximize its efficiency in this area. All improvements are based on in-depth analysis of changing conditions of supply markets and company's needs. Basically three types of analysis are being conducted. First of all Philips aims to acquire broad knowledge about direct impact of purchasing strategies on company's financial achievements. Thus purchasing services have decided to implement Balanced Score Card, dedicated tool to procurement area. Secondly, all purchasing processes are precisely monitored and evaluated against 14 criteria. It is believed, that process improvements indirectly enhance company's competitiveness through its innovativeness, cost efficiency and quality culture. Finally, purchasing managers in Philips regularly appraise all current suppliers in order to motivate them to improve their performance. Philips suppliers are seen as core company's assets, which can determine ability to gain advantage over competitors. Nowadays, companies from most industries face rapid changes in their closest environment. Global competition verifies each firm's competencies. Thus, lean management theories become more up to date than ever. To remain profitable companies need to concentrate on their core business and outsource all activities, which can not be performed better than competition could do. However, one has to bear in mind, that the choice to whom to outsource, influences the success of purchasing, and in the end company's competitiveness. Analysis has shown that purchasing strategies, which cover the choice of suppliers and later relationship management, determine the buyer's competitiveness in three ways. First of all, buyer needs to agree within its company and then with supplier on the right product. One should decide on functional specification, quality and price and take into consideration future product development and standardization possibilities. Secondly, purchasing strategy may enhance competitiveness through optimization of resources between buyer and supplier. Finally, purchasing strategy determines the efficiency of relationships between buyer and supplier, which in the long term enables to bear fruit of early supplier involvement process or supplier development programs. To ensure long term effectiveness, one should measure the outcomes of implemented purchasing strategies. Efficiency indicators enable to detect issues which should be corrected. One of the tools which links purchasing strategies with company's financial performance is (adjusted to procurement) Balanced Score Card. However, most companies use models which measure the influence of purchasing strategies on procurement process efficiency. This group covers such tools as: EFQM and RISC models.
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