New 9-12% chromium steels for advanced power generation: microstructure, properties and application limits.

• Autorzy: Ennis P.J. , Czyrska-Filemonowicz A.
• Konferencja: XVIth Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science Conference on Advanced Materials and Technologies AMT'2001, Gdańsk-Jurata, 16-20 September, 2001
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The thermal efficiency of steam power plant can be significantly increased by raising the temperature and the pressure of the steam entering the turbine. The development of the modified 9% chromium steels P91, P92 and E911 has provided the constructional materials for components capable of operation at temperatures up to and perhaps beyond 600 degrees centigrade. The emphasis in the development has been placed on improving the long-term creep rupture strength; this has been achieved by alloying the basic 9% Cr 1% Mo steel with V, Nb, and N to provide fine, stable precipitates. The strengthening mechanisms are transformation hardening which provides a high initial dislocation density; precipitation hardening by carbides at the martensite lath boundaries which eventually form the sub-grains; fine carbide, nitride and carbonitride precipitates within the sub-grains. Solid solution strengthening has also been enhanced by additions of W. Steam oxidation tests have shown that Cr contents above 11% are neccessary for the formation of protective oxide scales in steam-containing environments at 600-650 degrees centigrade; in air 9% Cr is sufficient. The temperature limits imposed by steam oxidation of the steels depend on the component wall thickness and on the maximum acceptable oxidation rate in terms of spalled oxide and reduction of load-bearing cross-section. The potential for further development of the high Cr martensitic steels towards a steel which combines in a single composition the strength of the 9% Cr steels with the steam oxidation resistance of the 12% Cr steels is discussed.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

elektrownia parowa; stal chromowa; sprawność cieplna; turbina parowa; materiały konstrukcyjne; pełzanie; odkształcenie

EN

steam power plant; chromium steel; thermal efficiency; steam turbine; constructional materials; creep deformation

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Materiałowa
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: R. XXII, nr 4
• Strony: 311--318
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz. tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Ennis P.J.

• Research Centre Jülich, IWV2, 52425 Jülich, Germany

autor

Czyrska-Filemonowicz A.

• University of Mining and Metallurgy, Kraków, Poland

• Research Centre Juelich, IWV2, 52425 Juelich, Germany

Bibliografia

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