Przewodowe stopy na bazie aluminium

• Autorzy: Knych T. , Mamala A. , Smyrak B.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Aluminium alloys for electrical power systems

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Przedstawiono stopy na bazie aluminium przeznaczone na przewody elektroenergetyczne. Materiały te zestawiono w dwóch grupach: stopy klasyczne z grup AlMgSi, AlCuMg, AlMg, AlFe oraz nowoczesne odporne cieplnie stopy z grupy AlZr.

EN

The history of overhead electrical power engineering stared in 1882 in Germany, where the first DC line was built. Traditionally, considering material properties, the basic material for conductors was, and still is, copper. The first conductors were made of this metal. At the beginning of the 20th century copper became a strategic material and therefore, aluminium started to be used in electrical power systems. Aluminium, although known since 1825, was not attractive for 19th century electrical power engineering because of its high price. With the development of modern methods for its winning it has become competitive with other commonly used metallic elements. However, despite its more advantageous conductivity-to-density ratio compared to that of copper (which is important index in overhead line conductors), aluminium conductors for overhead lines had to be steel-reinforced due to their low mechanical properties. In the first solutions in this field, the whole mechanical load was carried by a steel core, whereas aluminium layer was conducting electricity. This resulted in high effort of the core material and great sags of such conductors. Therefore, more economic approach aimed to reduce height of the supporting constructions was implemented, leading to the development of steel-aluminium conductors, which are now well known and commonly used. This solution is based on application of cold-drawn aluminium which, besides conducting electric current, takes over a part of mechanical load, whereas high strength steel wires making up a core take over the remaining portion of a tension. However, bimetallic conductors create a number of exploitation problems resulting from different physical properties of the constituent materials, high mass of a conductor, presence of ferromagnetic material, corrosion risk, and others. These problems have become an inspiration for the development of homogeneous conductors. Such conductors are sometimes made of aluminium, copper and steel, but because of many shortages such as insufficient mechanical strength (aluminium), high mass and price (copper), and high losses (steel), their mass application appeared to be impossible. The only economically and technically justified solution are aluminium alloys based homogeneous conductors, so called alloyed conductors. The first electricity line of that kind was built in France in 1928. The world-wide interest in this group of conductors dates back to the middle of the 20th century, when the dynamic industrial development resulted in considerable demand for energy, and technologies for fabrication and processing of the aluminium alloys for conductors were sufficiently mastered. The current trends in the field of overhead electric power systems in reference to the materials for the conductors include: improvement of aluminium alloys designed for conductors, development of composite cores aimed to replace steel in bimetallic conductors, and general improvement of the mechanical, electric and operating properties of the conductors.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

stop na bazie aluminium; przewody elektroenergetyczne; przewodność; odporność cieplna; historia

EN

aluminium alloys; electrical power systems; conductivity; thermal resistance; history

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT
• Czasopismo: Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: R. 49, nr 6
• Strony: 292--295
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 15 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Knych T.

• Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków

autor

Mamala A.

• Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków

autor

Smyrak B.

• Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków

Bibliografia

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• 2. Alloy Designation Aluminum Association.
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• 7. Barber K. W., Kallaghan K. J.: Improved overhead line conductors using Aluminium alloy 1120. IEEE PWRD 1995, nr 1, s. 403+409.
• 8. Adams H. W.: Design of Overhead Lines with 5005Aluminum Alloy Conductors. AIEE 1959, nr 12, s. 1290+1297.
• 9. WesterlundR. W.: Effect of Composition and Fabrication Practice on Resistance to Annealing and Creep of Aluminum Conductor Alloys. Metallur-gical Trans. 1974, nr 3, s. 667+671.
• 10. Knych T., Mamala A., Nowak S.: Analiza wymagań stawianych drutom i przewodom z aluminium i ze stopów AlMgSi. Rudy Metale 2003, nr 8, s. 375+392.
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