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Purpose: of this paper is presentation of mechanisms and forms of hydrogen degradation in steel along with pointing out methods for hydrogen degradation prevention. Design/methodology/approach: Hydrogen degradation of steel is a form of environmentally assisted failure which is caused by the action of hydrogen often in combination with residual or applied stress resulting in reduction of plasticity, load bearing capacity of a component, and cracking. Findings: The sources of hydrogen in steel were presented. Forms of hydrogen presence in metals, mechanisms of hydrogen degradation, and types of hydrogen induced damage were discussed in details. Five specific types of hydrogen induced damage to metals and alloys could be distinguished: hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced blistering, cracking from precipitation of internal hydrogen, hydrogen attack, cracking from hydride formation. Practical implications: Methods for hydrogen degradation prevention include: selection of suitable material, modifying environment to reduce hydrogen charging, and use of surface coatings and effective inhibitors. Originality/value: Originality the paper outlines the problem of hydrogen degradation of steel and other alloys, delivering knowledge to undertake preventive or remedial actions in order to avoid hydrogen induced degradation.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
214--221
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys., tabl.
Twórcy
autor
- Division of Materials Processing Technology, Management and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, janusz.cwiek@polsl.pl
Bibliografia
- [1]S.P. Lynch, Failures of structures and components by environmentally assisted cracking, Engineering Failure Analysis 2 (1994) 77-90.
- [2]P.F. Timmins, Solutions to hydrogen attack in steels, AMS Int., 1997.
- [3]ASM Handbook. Vol. 11 Failure Analysis and Prevention. ASM Int., 1986.
- [4]N. Eliaz, A. Shachar, B. Tal, D. Eliezer, Characteristic of hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking and tempered martensite embrittlement in high-strength steels, Engineering Failure Analysis 9 (2002) 176-184.
- [5]L. Coudreuse, C. Renaudin, P. Bocquet, L. Cadiou, Evaluation of hydrogen assisted cracking resistance of high strength jack-up steels, Marine Structures 10 (1997) 85-106.
- [6]J. V. Sharp, J. Billingham, M. J. Robinson, The risk management of high-strength steels in jack-ups in seawater, Marine Structures 14 (2001) 537-551.
- [7] Offshore Technology Report – OTO 1999 056, A review of the effects of microstructure on the hydrogen embrittlement of high strength offshore steels. Health and Safety Executive, 1999.
- [8] J. Ćwiek, High strength weldable steels, Mechanical Review 9 (1996) 9-15 (in Polish).
- [9] H.K. Birnbaum, I.M. Robertson, P. Sofronis, D. Teter, Mechanisms of hydrogen related fracture. A review, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Corrosion Deformation Interaction, London, 1997, 172-195.
- [10] T.J. Carter, L.A. Cornish, Hydrogen in metals, Engineering Failure Analysis 8 (2001) 113-121.
- [11] J.P. Hirth, Effects of hydrogen on the properties of iron and steel, Metallurgical Transactions A, 11A (1980) 861-890.
- [12] A. Zieliński, Hydrogen degradation of nonferrous metals and alloys, Gdansk Scientific Society, Gdansk, 1999 (in Polish).
- [13] J. Woodtli, R. Kieselbach, Damage due to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking, Engineering Failure Analysis 7 (2000) 427-450.
- [14] S. Serebrinsky, E.A. Carter, M. Ortiz, A quantum-mechanically informed continuum model of hydrogen embrittlement, Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids 52 (2004) 2403-2430.
- [15] T.P. Pernga, J.K. Wub, A brief review note on mechanisms of hydrogen entry into metals, Materials Letters 57 (2003) 3437-3438.
- [16] M.V. Biezma, The role of hydrogen in microbiologically influenced corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, International Jouranl Hydrogen Energy 26 (2001) 515-520.
- [17] R.A. Oriani, J.P. Hirth and M. Smialowski (eds.) Hydrogen degradation of ferrous alloys, Noyes Publ. Park, Ridge, USA, 1985.
- [18] M. Walsh, T. Ford, and R. Mitchell, Influence of hydrogen-producting bacteria on hydrogen uptake by steel, Corrosion, 45/9 (1989) 705-709.
- [19] S.P. Lynch, A commentary on mechanisms of environmentally assisted cracking, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on „Corrosion- Deformation Interactions CDI’96” Nice, 1996, 206-219.
- [20] P. Sofronis, Y. Liang, N. Aravas, Hydrogen induced shear localization of the plastic ow in metals and alloys, European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids 20 (2001) 857-872.
- [21] Th. Magnin, Advances in Corrosion-Deformation Interactions, Trans Tech Publications 1996.
- [22] J. Ćwiek, Hydrogen degradation of high strength weldable steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 223-226.
- [23] J. Ćwiek, Hydrogen degradation of high strength steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 37/2 (2009) 193-212.
- [24] J. Ćwiek, Plasma nitriding as a prevention method against hydrogen degradation of steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 36/1 (2009) 25-32.
- [25] M.R. Louthan, Jr., Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: A Primer for the Failure Analyst, US Department of Energy Document WSRC-STI-2008-00062.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BOS2-0023-0048