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Purpose: of this paper is to evaluate susceptibility of high-strength steels and welded joints to hydrogen degradation and to establish applicable mechanism of their hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen delayed cracking. Design/methodology/approach: High-strength quenched and tempered steel grade S690Q and its welded joints have been used. Structural low-alloy steel 34CrAlNi7-10 with various plasma nitrided layers was evaluated. Susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of steel, welded joints, and nitrided layers was evaluated using monotonically increasing load. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) was carried out in hydrogen generating environments. Susceptibility to hydrogen delayed cracking was evaluated under constant load in artificial sea water. Fractographic examinations with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to establish suitable mechanism of hydrogen-enhanced cracking. Findings: Tested high-strength steel and its welded joints are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when evaluated with the use of SSRT. The loss of plasticity is higher for welded joints then for the base metal. Tested steel and welded joints reveal high resistance to hydrogen degradation under constant load. Plasma nitrided layers are effective barriers for hydrogen entry into structural steel. Research limitations/implications: There has been no possibility to perform direct observations of exact mechanism of hydrogen-assisted cracking so far. Further research should be taken to reveal the exact mechanism of increased plasticity of a nitrided layer with absorbed hydrogen. Practical implications: Tested steel and its welded joints could be safely utilized within elastic range of stress in hydrogen generating environments, and constructions under cathodic protection provided that overprotection does not take place. Originality/value: Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP) model is a more applicable mechanism of hydrogen degradation than the others for high-strength steels in hydrogen generating environments. Evidences of likely increased plasticity of nitrided layers with absorbed hydrogen were observed.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
193--212
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys., tabl.
Twórcy
autor
- Division of Materials Processing Technology, Management and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, janusz.cwiek@polsl.pl
Bibliografia
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- [6] J. V. Sharp, J. Billingham, M. J. Robinson, The risk management of high-strength steels in jack-ups in seawater, Marine Structures 14 (2001) 537-551.
- [7] Offshore Technology Report – OTO 1999 056, A review of the effects of microstructure on the hydrogen embrittlement of high strength offshore steels, Health and Safety Executive, 1999.
- [8] J. Ćwiek, High strength weldable steels, Mechanical Review 9 (1996) 9-15 (in Polish).
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- [11] J. P. Hirth, Effects of hydrogen on the properties of iron and steel, Metallurgical Transactions A 11 (1980) 861-890.
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- [20] P. Sofronis, Y. Liang, N. Aravas, Hydrogen induced shear localization of the plastic flow in metals and alloys, European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 20 (2001) 857-872.
- [21] Th. Magnin, Advances in Corrosion-Deformation Interactions, Trans Tech Publications, 1996.
- [22] J. Ćwiek,Hydrogen degradation of high strength weldable steels, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 223-226.
- [23] J. Ćwiek, A. Zieliński, Mechanism of hydrogen enhanced-cracking of high-strength steel welded joints, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 18 (2006) 207-210.
- [24] B. Świeczko-Żurek, S. Sobieszczyk, J. Ćwiek, A. Zieliński, Evaluation of susceptibility of high-strength steels to hydrogen delayed cracking, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 18 (2006) 243-246.
- [25] A. Zieliński, J. Ćwiek, M. Błaszkiewicz, Effect of plasma nitrided layers on low-alloy steel on its hydrogen degradation, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 17 (2006) 213-216.
- [26] S. Sobieszczyk, E. Łunarska, J. Ćwiek, A. Zieliński, K. Nikiforow, Hydrogen charging of plasma nitrided steel in acid solution, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 17 (2006) 205-208.
- [27] J. Ćwiek, Plasma nitriding as a prevention method against hydrogen degradation of steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 36/1 (2009) 25-32.
- [28] T. Zakroczymski, N. Łukomski, J. Flis, The effect of plasma nitriding-base treatments on the absorption of hydrogen by iron, Corrosion Science 37 (1995) 811-822.
- [29] PN-EN 10137-2:2000. Plates and wide flats made of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered or precipitation hardened conditions – Delivery conditions for quenched and tempered steels.
- [30] PN-EN 10002-1:2004 Metallic materials – Tensile testing – Part 1 – Method of test at ambient temperature.
- [31] PN-EN 1321:2000 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds.
- [32] PN-EN ISO 6507-1: 1999. Metallic materials. Vickers hardness test – Part 1: Test method.
- [33] PN-EN ISO 7539-4:2000 Corrosion of metals and alloys – Stress corrosion testing – Part 4: Preparation and use of uniaxially loaded tensions specimens.
- [34] PN-EN ISO 7539-7:2000 Corrosion of metals and alloys – Stress corrosion testing – Part 7: Slow strain rate testing.
- [35] PN-EN 2832:2001 Aerospace series – Hydrogen embrittlement of steels – Notched specimen test.
- [36] PN-66/C-06502. Substitute seawater.
- [37] PN-EN 10085:2003 Nitriding steels – Technical delivery conditions.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BOS2-0021-0014