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Tropical forests are among the most complex ecosystems on Earth. The high alpha-diversity of tropical forests has been amply documented, however, beta diversity, equally important for us to understand the mechanism of biodiversity maintenance, has seldom been studied. The main current hypotheses about the origin of beta diversity are as follows: (1) species composition is uniform over large areas; (2) species composition fluctuates in a random, auto-correlated way emphasizing spatially limited dispersal; (3) species composition is related to environmental conditions. Testing these hypotheses is important to understand ecosystem function and to manage ecosystems effectively. In this study, we quantified the relative influence of environmental variation and spatial distance on the beta diversity of woody plant functional groups in a tropical forest of Hainan Island, China. Floristic and environmental data were collected from 135 grid-sample plots. We classified woody plant functional groups based on frequency, growth forms and successional status, respectively. To see whether environmental variation and spatial distance influence beta diversity, the simple and partial Mantel tests, in conjunction with linear and spline regression models were performed. The results showed that environmental heterogeneity and spatial distance were the primary determinants of pair-wise species composition differences between plots in the study area. Common, tree and climax species were more sensitive than the others to changes in environmental heterogeneity and spatial distance. Except for rare, pioneer and shrub species, the others had apparently negative relationship between spatial distance and similarity. The distance decay of similarity was determined by joint influences of spatial distance and spatially-structured environmental variables. Spatial distance had the clearest effect on beta diversity at distances <15 km and with the increase in spatial distance, beta diversity was gradually controlled by environmental heterogeneity. This study provides further support for neutral theory and environmental control hypothesis as opposed to uniformly distributed hypothesis.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
525--533
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz.,Rys., tab.,
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
- College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Lekai South Street 2596, Baoding 071000, China ; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ya
Bibliografia
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- 4. Chust G., Chave J., Condit R., Aguilar S., Lao S., Pérez R. 2006 – Determinants and spatial modeling of tree β-diversity in a tropical forest landscape in Panama – J. Veg. Sci. 17: 83–92.
- 5. Condit R., Pitman N., Leigh E.G., Chave J., Terborgh J., Foster R.B., Núñez P., Aguilar S., Valencia R., Villa G., Muller-Landau H.C., Losos E., Hubbell S.P. 2002 – Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees – Science, 295: 666–669.
- 6. Davidar P., Rajagopal B., Mohandass D., Puyravaud J.P., Condit R., Wright S.J., Leigh E.G. 2007 – The effect of climatic gradients, topographic variation and species traits on the beta diversity of rain forest trees – Global. Ecol. Biogeogr. 16: 510–518.
- 7. Duivenvoorden J.F., Svenning J.C., Wright S.J. 2002 – Beta diversity in tropical forests – Science, 295: 636–637.
- 8. Gilbert B., Lechowicz M.J. 2004 – Neutrality, niches, and dispersal in a temperate forest understory – Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101: 7651–7656.
- 9. Hardy O.J., Sonké B. 2004 – Spatial pattern analysis of tree species distribution in a tropical rain forest of cameroon: Assessing the role of limited dispersal and niche differentiation – For. Ecol. Manage. 197: 191–202.
- 10. Hubbell S.P. 2001 – The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography – Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
- 11. Hubbell S.P. 2005 – Neutral theory in community ecology and the hypothesis of functional equivalence – Funct. Ecol. 19: 166–172.
- 12. Legendre P., Borcard D., Peres-Neto P.R. 2005 – Analyzing beta diversity: partition the spatial variation of community composition data – Ecol. Monogr. 75: 435–450.
- 13. Legendre P., Legendre L. 1998 – Numerical ecology: developments in environmental modelling – Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 14. Magurran A.E. 1988 – Ecological diversity and its measurement – Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
- 15. McGill B.J., Maurer B.A., Weiser M.D. 2006 – Empirical evaluation of neutral theory – Ecology, 87: 1411–1423.
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- 17. Phillips O.L., Vargas P.N., Monteagudo A.L., Cruz A.P., Zans M.E.C., Sánchez W.G., Yli-Halla M., Rose S. 2003 – Habitat association among amazonian tree species: a landscape–scale approach – J. Ecol. 91: 757–775.
- 18. Pielou E.C. 1975 – Ecological diversity – John Wiley & Sons, New York.
- 19. Pitman N.C.A., Terborgh J., Silman M.R., Vargas P.N. 1999 – Tree species distribution in an upper amazonian forest – Ecology, 80: 2651–2661.
- 20. Pitman N.C.A., Terborgh J.W., Silman M.R., Núñez P., Neill D.A., Ceron C.E., Palacios W.A., Aulestia M. 2001 – Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper amazonian terra firme forests – Ecology, 82: 2101–2117.
- 21. Ruokolainen K., Tuomisto H. 2002 – Betadiversity in tropical forests – Science, 297: 1439a.
- 22. Tuomisto H., Ruokolainen K., Kalliola R., Linna A., Danjoy W., Rodriguez Z. 1995 – Dissecting Amazonian biodiversity – Science, 269: 63–66.
- 23. Tuomisto H., Ruokolainen K., Yli-Halla M. 2003 – Dispersal, environment, and floristic variation of western amazonian forests – Science, 299: 241–244.
- 24. Wang B.S., Yu S.X., Shi S.H., Wang T., Liao W.B., Jin J.H. 2005 – The biodiversity and its species evolution of the tropical forests in Hainan Island – Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
- 25. Wilson M.V., Shmida A. 1984 – Measuring beta diversity with presence-absence data – J. Ecol. 72: 1055–1064.
- 26. Zhang Z.D., Zang R.G., Qi Y.D. 2008 – Spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of species richness and abundance of woody plant functional groups in a tropical forest landscape of Hainan Island, South China – J. Integr. Plant. Biol. 50: 547–558.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BGPK-3655-4106