Urban and natural components of Korean magpie (Pica pica sericea) territories and their effects on prey density

• Autorzy: Kim S. , Srygley R. , Lee J. , Lee S. , Choe J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Urban landscapes have a negative impact on bird species diversity, yet particular species thrive in urban communities. Like many other corvids, the Korean magpie is a successful colonizer of urban environments. On the semiurban campus of Seoul National University in Korea, we investigated whether magpies adjust territory size with building area and secondarily, whether they use vegetation and artificial components of their territory as indicators of prey density. We measured territorial areas and divided these into vegetation and artificial areas, distinguishing building area as a separate feature. We sampled prey density on each territory during the nestling stage. Territory size increased with the square root of building area (SRBA). As the length of building perimeter also increases with SRBA, we conclude that territory size was proportional to building perimeter. Prey density decreased with SRBA indicating that buildings had a negative impact on prey. Breeding success was also negatively related to SRBA. We suggest that magpies adjusted territory size according to the length of building perimeter due to a decline in prey density. As prey density declined, artificial pavement area was added to include open trash bins, which increase the availability of anthropogenic refuse such as discarded food. Vegetation area declined as prey density increased, but changes in vegetation area were minor and had little impact on prey availability measured at ground level. Structural cues were not used to adjust vegetation area, and artificial structural cues were not used to adjust territorial size over direct monitoring of prey density.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Corvidae; habitat structure; Korean magpie; land use; prey density; territory size; urbanization

PL

Krukowate; sroka; struktura siedliska; urbanizacja; użytkowanie gruntów; wielkość terytorium

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 60, nr 2
• Strony: 407--417
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz.,Rys., tab.,

Twórcy

autor

Kim S.

autor

Srygley R.

autor

Lee J.

autor

Lee S.

autor

Choe J.

• School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151.742, Korea,

Bibliografia

• 1. Andren H. 1992 – Corvid density and nest predation in relation to forest fragmentation: a landscape perspective – Ecology, 73: 794–804.
• 2. Birkhead T.R. 1991 – The magpies – T & A. D., Poyser, London, 272 pp.
• 3. Blair R.B. 1996 – Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient – Ecol. Appl. 6: 506–519.
• 4. Brodmann P.A., Reyer H-U., Bollmann K., Schlaepfer A.R., Rauter C. 1997 – The importance of food quantity and quality for reproductive performance in alpine water pipits (Anthus spinoletta) – Oecologia, 109: 200–208.
• 5. Eikennar C., Berg M.L., Komdeur J. 2003 - Experimental evidence for the influence of food availability on incubation attendance and hatching synchrony in the Australian red warbler Acrocephalus australis – J. Av. Biol. 34: 419–427.
• 6. Fernandez-Juricic E. 2000 – Local and regional effects of pedestrians on forest birds in a fragmented landscape – Condor, 102: 247–255.
• 7. Guenette J-S., Villard M-A. 2005 – Thresholds in forest bird response to habitat alteration as quantitative targets for conservation – Cons. Biol. 19: 1168–1180.
• 8. Hinsley S.A. 2000 – The costs of multiple patch use by birds – Land. Ecol. 15: 765–775.
• 9. Hostetler M., Knowles-Yanez K. 2003 – Land use, scale and bird distributions in the Phoenix metropolitan area – Land. Urb. Plan. 62: 56–68.
• 10. Jerzak L. 2001 – Synurbanization of the Magpie in the Palearctic (In: Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, Eds: J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowmann, R. Donnelly) – Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 403–426.
• 11. Jokimaki J. 1999 – Occurrence of breeding bird species in urban parks: Effects of park structure and broad-scale variables – Urb. Ecos. 3: 21–34.
• 12. Khera N., Mehta V., Sabata B.C. 2009 – Interrelationship of birds and habitat features in urban greenspaces in Delhi, India – Urb. For. Urb. Gr. 8: 187–196.
• 13. Lee S.I., Hwang Y., Lee J., Choe J.C. 2010 - Unusual pattern of sex-specific mortality in relation to initial brood sex composition in the black-billed magpie Pica pica – J. Av. Biol. 41: 139–146.
• 14. Lee S.I., Parr C.S., Choe J.C. 2002 – Breeding ecology of black-billed magpies (Pica pica sericea Gould) in Korea (In: Ecology of Korea, Ed: D.W. Lee) – Bumwoo Publishing Company, pp. 293–308.
• 15. Lee S.-I., Seo K.S., Lee W.Y., Kim W.J., Choe J.C., Jablonski P.G. 2011 – NonParental infanticide in a dense population of the Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) – J. Ethology, 29: 401–407.
• 16. Mares M.A., Lacher T.E. Jr, Willing M.R., Bitars N.A., Adams R., Klinger A., Tazik D. 1982 – An experimental analysis of social spacing in Tamias striatus – Ecology, 63: 267–273.
• 17. Marshall M.R., Cooper R.J. 2004 – Territory size of a migratory songbird in response to caterpillar density and foliage structure – Ecology, 85: 432–445.
• 18. Marzluff J.M. 2001a – Worldwide urbanization and its effects on birds (In: Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, Eds: J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowmann, R. Donnelly) – Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 19–47.
• 19. Marzluff J.M. 2001b – A historical perspective on urban bird research: trends, terms, and approaches (In: Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, Eds: J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowmann, R. Donnelly) – Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 1–17.
• 20. Pierotti R., Annett C. 2001 – The ecology of Western Gulls in habitats varying in degree of urban influence (In: Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, Eds: J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowmann, R. Donnelly) – Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 309–331.
• 21. Reijnen R., Foppen R., Veenbaas G. 1997 - Disturbance by traffic of breeding birds: evaluation of the effect and considerations in planning and managing road corridors – Biol. Cons. 6: 567–581.
• 22. Renken R.B., Wiggers E.P. 1989 – Forest characteristics related to pileated woodpecker territory size in Missouri – Condor, 91: 642–652.
• 23. Schoener T.W. 1968 – Sizes of feeding territories among birds – Ecology, 49: 123–141.
• 24. Seastedt T.R., MacLean S.F. 1979 – Territory size and composition in relation to resource abundance in Lapland Longspurs breeding in Arctic Alaska – Auk, 96: 131–142.
• 25. Sieving K.E., Willson M.F. 1998 – Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory – Ecology, 76: 2391–2402.
• 26. Smith T.M., Shugart H.H. 1987 – Territory size variation in the Ovenbird: the role of habitat structure – Ecology, 68: 695–704.
• 27. Stamps J.A. 1990 – The effect of contender pressure on territory size and overlap in seasonally territorial species – Am. Nat. 135: 614–632.
• 28. Tatner P. 1983 – The diet of urban Magpies Pica pica – Ibis, 125: 90–107.
• 29. Tye A. 1992 – Assessment of territory quality and its effects on breeding success in a migrant passerine, the wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe – Ibis, 134: 273–285.
• 30. Vuorisalo T., Andersson H., Hugg T., Lahtinen R., Laaksonen H., Lehikoinen E. 2003 – Urban development from an avian perspective: causes of hooded crow (Corvus corone cornix) urbanization in two Finnish cities – Land. Urb. Plan. 62: 69–87.
• 31. Wilson E.O. 1975 – Sociobiology – Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 720 pp.
• 32. Zach R., Falls B. 1979 – Foraging and territoriality of male Ovenbirds (Aves: Parulidae) in a heterogeneous habitat – J. Anim. Ecol. 48: 33–52.
• 33. Zharikov Y., Skilleter G.A. 2004 – A relationship between prey density and territory size in non-breeding Eastern Curlews Numenius madagascariensis – Ibis, 146: 518–520.