Long-term effects of annual mowing on spatial structure of sedge meadows in vicinity of riparian forests

• Autorzy: Kołos A. , Próchnicki P.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Mowing may lead to substantial modification of the spatial structure of phytocenoses and plant populations. An important factor contributing to such modification may be the vicinity of a forest. The aim of this work is to explain how the patterns of the spatial structure of sedge meadows patches change under the influence of annual mowing and how the proximity of a forest affects these changes. The research was conducted in the years 1985-2000 in the south-west part of the Białowieża National Park (NE Poland) Study fields were located in Caricetum acutiformis community, neighbouring ash-alder floodplain forest Fraxino-Alnetum. Three experimental plots and three respective control ones (5 x 5m) were established at the forest boundary (0 m), at a distance of 50 m and 100 m from the forest. Annual mowing conducted for 15 years caused an increase in meadow plants coverage in all mown plots. The spreading of two rush species was also observed - Calamagrostis canescens in patches lying inthe distance of 100 m from the forest edge, and Phragmites australis in the ecotonal zone. The most important changes in a spatial distribution of floristic richness were noticed in mown patches located at the greatest distance from the boundary of the forest. Mowing caused strengthening of the mosaic pattern naturally occurring within patches and changed their structure from "coarsegrained" to "fine-grained" one. Permanent management of sedge meadows caused an increase in a spatial diversity in the first 10 years in all patches, irrespective of their location. After 15 years of management a simplification of the spatial structure occurred. The spatial structure of the clonal species population (Lythrum salicaria, Lysimachia vulgaris) was characterized by relative stability only in the first 5 years of mowing and only in the quadrates located far from the forest. Response of plants of unitary type of growth to management was different - annual mowing caused substantial changes in the distribution of Cirsium palustre individuals in the plots located far from the forest while individuals of Cirsium rivulare in the ecotone remained constantly in their locations. It was found that it can be caused by the presence of clump sedges which may have a greater impact on population structure of that species than mowing.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Białowieża National Park; ecotonal zone; mowing; sedge meadows; spatial analysis; spatial structure

PL

analiza przestrzenna; Białowieski Park Narodowy; koszenie; strefa ekotonalna; struktura przestrzenna; turzyca

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 60, nr 1
• Strony: 107--122
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 55 poz.,Rys., tab.,

Twórcy

autor

Kołos A.

autor

Próchnicki P.

• Department of Environmental Protection and Management, Technical University of Bialystok, Wiejska 45A, 05-351 Białystok, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1. Adamowski W. 1998. – Colonisation success of orchids in disturbed habitats (In: Plant population biology and vegetation processes, Ed. K. Falińska) – Polish Acad. Sci., W. Szafer Inst. Bot. Kraków, pp. 167–174.
• 2. Andersen M. 1992. – Spatial analysis of two species interactions – Oecologia, 91: 134–140.
• 3. Arnot C., Fisher P.F., Wadsworth R., Wellens J. 2004 – Landscape metrics with ecotones: pattern under uncertainty – Landscape Ecology, 19: 181–195.
• 4. Bakker J.P. 1989 – Nature management by grazing and mowing – Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
• 5. Barot S., Gignoux J., Menaut J.C. 1999 - Demography of savanna palm tree: predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analysis – Ecology, 80: 1987–2005.
• 6. Berlin G.A.I., Linusson A.-C., Olsson E.G.A. 2000 – Vegetation changes in seminatural meadows with unchanged management in southern Sweden, 1965–1990 – Acta Oecologica, 21: 125–138.
• 7. Billeter R., Hooftman D.A.P., Diemer M. 2003 – Differential and reversible responses of common fen meadow species to abandonment - Appl. Veg. Sci. 6: 3–12.
• 8. Bodziarczyk J. 1992 – The structure of selected hart’s tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. populations, as related to ecological factors – Ekol. Pol. 40: 439–460.
• 9. Bodziarczyk J., 2008 – The analysis of the spatial structure of hart’s tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. populations (In: Club mosses, horsetails and ferns in Poland – resources and protection, Eds: E. Szczęśniak, E. Gola) – Polish Botanical Society & Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, pp. 225–234.
• 10. Bodziarczyk J., Krzus A. 2006 – Relative age of Phyllitis scolopendrium phytocenoses as determined by population structure analysis (In: Conservation-related problems of pteridophytes in Poland, Eds: H. Piękoś-Mirkowa, E. Zenkteler) – Botanical Guidebooks, 29: 47–54.
• 11. Borkowska L. 2004 – Patterns of seedling recruitment in experimental gaps on mosaic vagetation of abandoned meadows – Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 73: 343–350.
• 12. Brown B.J., Wickstrom C.E. 1997 – Adventitious root production and survival of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) shoot sections - Ohio J. Sci. 97: 2–4.
• 13. Brzosko E. 1991 – Spatial structure of population Carex cespitosa L. with respect to transformations of vegetation in the course of forest regenerative succession – Ekol. Pol. 39.1: 135–151.
• 14. Catorci A., Gatti R. 2010 – Floristic composition and spatial distribution assessment of montane mesophilous grassland in Central Apennine (Italy): a multiscale and diachronic approach – Pl. Biosyst. 144: 807–818.
• 15. Czarnecka B. 2008 – Spatiotemporal patterns of genets and ramets in a population of clonal perennial Senecio rivularis: plant features and habitat effects – Ann. Bot. Fennici, 45: 19–32.
• 16. Dale M.R.T. 1999 – Spatial pattern analysis in plant ecology – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 340 pp.
• 17. De Becker P., Hermy M., Butaye J. 1999 - Ecohyrological characterization of a grounwater-fed alluvial floodplain mire – Appl. Veg. Sci. 2: 215–228.
• 18. Dixon P.M. 2002 – Nearest-neighbour contingency table analysis of spatial segregation for several species – Ecoscience, 9: 142–142.
• 19. Dutilleul P. 1993 – Modifying the t test for assessing the correlation between two spatial processes – Biometrics, 49: 305–314.
• 20. Dutilleul P., Stockwell J.D., Frigon D., Legendre P. 2000 – The Mantel test versus Pearson’s correlation analysis: Assessment of the differences for biological and environmental studies – J. of Agric. Biol. and Environ. Statistics, 5: 131–150.
• 21. Falińska K. 1989a – Plant population processes in the course of forest succession in abandoned meadows. I. Variability and diversity of floristic combinations, and biological mechanisms of species turnover – Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 58: 441–467.
• 22. Falińska K. 1989b – Plant population processes in the course of forest succession in abandoned meadows. II. Demography of succession promoters – Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 58: 469–493.
• 23. Falińska K. 1991 – Plant demography in vegetation succession – Kluver Academic Publishers, Dordrecht-Boston-London, 210 pp.
• 24. Falińska K. 1995 – Genet disintegration in Filipendula ulmaria: consequences for population dynamics and vegetation succession – J. Ecol. 83: 9–21
• 25. Falińska K. 1999 – Seed bank dynamics in abandoned meadows during a 20-year period in the Białowieża National Park – J. Ecol. 87: 461–475.
• 26. Faliński J.B. 1986 – Vegetation dynamics in temperate lowland primeval forest. Ecological studies in Białowieża Forest – Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, Geobotany, 8: 1–537.
• 27. Fickbohm S.S., Zhu W.-X. 2006 – Exotic purple loosestrife invasion of native cattail freshwater wetlands: Effects on organic matter distribution and soil nitrogen cycling – App. Soil Ecol. 32: 123–131.
• 28. Fortin M.-J., Dale M.R.T. 2005 – Spatial analysis: a guide for ecologists – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 365 pp.
• 29. Fynn R.W.S., Morris C.D., Edwards T.J. 2004 – Effect of burning and mowing on grass and forb diversity in a long-term grassland experiment – Appl. Veg. Sci. 7:1–10.
• 30. Haase P. 1995 – Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley’s K-function: introduction and methods of edge correction – J. Veg. Sci. 6: 575–582.
• 31. Hansson M., Fogelfors H. 2000 – Management of semi-natural grassland; results from a 15-year-old experiment in southern Sweden – J. Veg. Sci. 11: 31–38.
• 32. Haworth-Brockman M.J., Murkin H.R., Clay R.T., Armson E. 1991 – Effects of underwater clipping of purple loosestrife in a southern Ontario wetland – J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 29: 117–118.
• 33. Inoue M., Nakagoshi N. 2001 – The effects of human impact on spatial structure of the riparian vegetation along the Ashida river, Japan – Landscape and Urban Planning, 53: 111–121.
• 34. Kahmen S., Poschlod P., Schreiber K.-F. 2002 – Conservation management of calcareous grasslands. Changes in plant species composition and response of functional traits during 25 years – Biol. Conservation, 104: 319–328.
• 35. Kamiński J. 2004 – Wpływ wykaszania na zmiany w zbiorowisku łąki turzycowej zarastającej trzciną [The influence of mowing on changes of the reed overgrowing sedges communities] - Water-Environment-Rural Areas, 4: 241–246 (in Polish, English abstract).
• 36. Köhler B., Gigon A., Edwards P.J., Krüsi B., Langenauer R., Andre Lüscher A., Ryser P. 2005 – Changes in the species composition and conservation value of limestone grasslands in Northern Switzerland after 22 years of contrasting managements – Perspectives in Plant Ecol. Evol. and Systematics, 7: 51–67.
• 37. Kołos A. 1991 – Oddziaływanie sąsiedztwa lasu na przebieg sukcesji na porzuconych łąkach w dolinie Narewki [Influence of the forest vicinity in the course of succession in abandoned meadows in the Narewka river valley] - Phytocoenosis Vol. 1 (N.S.) Seminarium Geobotanicum, 1: 119–126 (in Polish, English abstract).
• 38. Kołos A. 2011 – Dynamika strefy przejścia między zbiorowiskami leśnymi i nieleśnymi na przykładzie doliny Narewki w Puszczy Białowieskiej [Dynamics of transitional zone between forest and no-nforest communities illustrated by the example of the Narewka river valley in the Białowieża Forest] – Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej, Białystok (in Polish, English abstract).
• 39. Kwiatkowski W. 1994 – Krajobrazy roślinne Puszczy Białowieskiej [Vegetation landscapes of Białowieża Forest] – Phytocoenosis 6 (N.S.) Suppl. Cart. Geobot. 6: 35–87 (in Polish).
• 40. Legendre P., Fortin M.-J. 1989 – Spatial pattern and ecological analysis – Vegetatio, 80: 107–138.
• 41. Levine J.M., Murrel D.J. 2003 – The community-level consequences of seed dispersal patterns – Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 34: 549–574.
• 42. McGarigal K., Cushman S.A., Neel M.C., Ene E. 2002 – FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical maps – Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at the following web site: http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html
• 43. Matuszkiewicz W. 2001 – Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski [Guidebook to identification vegetation of Poland] – PWN, Warszawa, 536 pp. (in Polish).
• 44. Orczewska A., Glista A. 2005 – Floristic analysis of the two woodland-meadow ecotones differing in orientation of the forest edge – Pol. J. Ecol. 53: 365–382.
• 45. Pierzgalski E., Boczoń A., Tyszka J. 2002 – Zmienność opadów i położenia wód gruntowych w Białowieskim Parku Narodowym [Variability of precipitation and ground water level in the Białowieża National Park] - Kosmos, 51: 415–425 (in Polish, English abstract).
• 46. Piessens K., Stieperaere H., Honnay O., Hermy M. 2008 – Effects of management and adjacent forest on the heathland bryophyte layer - Basic and Applied Ecology, 9: 253–262.
• 47. Rachich J., Reader R.J. 1999 – An experimental study of wetland invasibility by purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) – Can. J. Bot. 77: 1499–1503.
• 48. Rangel T.F., Diniz-Filho J.A.F., Bini L.M. 2006 – Towards an integrated computational tool for spatial analysis in macroecology and biogeography – Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 15: 321–327.
• 49. Rangel T.F., Diniz-Filho J.A.F., Bini L.M. 2010 – SAM: a comprehensive application for Spatial Analysis in Macroecology (Version 4) - Ecography, 33: 46–50.
• 50. Rawinski T.J., Malecki R.A. 1984 – Ecological relationships among purple loosestrife, cattail, and wildlife at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge – New York Fish and Game Journal, 31: 81–87.
• 51. Ripley B.D. 1976 – The second-order analysis of stationary point processes – J. of Appl. Probability, 13: 255–266.
• 52. Rosenberg M.S., Anderson C.D. 2011 – PASSaGE: Pattern Analysis, Spatial Statistics and Geographic Exegesis. Version 2 – Methods in Ecol. and Evol. 2: 229–232.
• 53. Szwagrzyk J., Ptak J. 1991 – Analyses of spatial structure of populations and communities based on mapped point patterns of individuals – Wiad. Ekol. 37: 107–124 (in Polish).
• 54. Valkama E., Lyytinen S., Koricheva J. 2008 – The impact of reed management on wildlife: A meta-analytical review of European studies – Biol. Conservation, 141: 364–374.
• 55. Wahlman H., Milberg P. 2002 – Management of semi-natural grassland vegetation: evaluation of a long-term experiment in southern Sweden – Ann. Bot. Fennici, 39: 159–166.